Abstract:
Regular censusing of wild animal populations produces data for estimating their annual survival. However, there can be missing covariate data; for instance time varying covariates that are measured on individual animals often contain missing values. By considering the transitions that occur from each occasion to the next, we derive a novel expression for the likelihood for mark-recapture-recovery data, which is equivalent to the traditional likelihood in the case where no covariate data are missing, and which provides a natural way of dealing with covariate data that are missing, for whatever reason. Unlike complete-case analysis, this approach does not exclude incompletely observed life histories, uses all available data and produces consistent estimators. In a simulation study it performs better overall than alternative methods when there are missing covariate data. Copyright (c) 2008 The Authors.