Abstract:
International agencies and national governments base their energy strategies on gross domestic product (GDP) growth rates and energy intensity goals. Given the complexity of the transition process from a command economy to an open-market economy in Central and Eastern Europe, this paper argues that the use of energy intensity as an objective for the energy policy is overly simplified and suggests that a more accurate governance tool is the combined analysis of economic labor productivity and exosomatic metabolic rates as defined in the Multi-Scale Integrated Assessment of Societal Metabolism approach. The cases of structural change in Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary, and Romania are used to investigate the aforementioned claim.