The Effects on Stature of Poverty, Family Size and Birth Order: British Children in the 1930s

Timothy James Hatton () and Richard M. Martin

No 572, CEPR Discussion Papers from Centre for Economic Policy Research, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University

Abstract: This paper examines effects of socio-economic conditions on the standardised heights and body mass index of children in Interwar Britain. It uses the Boyd Orr cohort, a survey of predominantly poor families taken in 1937-9, which provides a unique opportunity to explore the determinants of child health in the era before the welfare state. We examine the trade-off between the quality (in the form of health outcomes) and the number of children in the family at a time when genuine poverty still existed in Britain. Our results provide strong support both for negative birth order effects and negative family size effects on the heights of children. No such effects are found for the body mass index (BMI). We find that household income per capita positively influences the heights of children but, even after accounting for this, the number of children in the family still has a negative effect on height. This latter effect is closely associated with overcrowding and particularly with the degree of cleanliness or hygiene in the household, which conditions exposure to factors predisposing to disease. We also analyse evidence collected retrospectively, which indicates that the effects of childhood conditions on height persisted into adulthood.

Keywords: child health; heights; poverty (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: J13 I12 I31 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-his
Date: 2008-02
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Working Paper: The Effects on Stature of Poverty, Family Size and Birth Order: British Children in the 1930s (2008)
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Persistent link: http://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:auu:dpaper:572

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