Abstract:
This paper explores the impact of trade on growth when firms are heterogeneous. We findthat greater openness produces anti-and pro-growth effects. The Melitz-model selectioneffects raises the expected cost of introducing a new variety and this tends to slow the rate ofnew-variety introduction and hence growth. The pro-growth effect stems from the impact thatfreer trade has on the marginal cost of innovating. The balance of the two effects isambiguous with the sign depending upon the exact nature of the innovation technology andits connection to international trade in goods and ideas. We consider five special cases (theseinclude the Grossman-Helpman, the Coe- Helpman and Rivera-Batiz-Romer models) two ofwhich suggest that trade harms growth; the others predicting the opposite.