Abstract:
This paper shows that, with (partial) irreversibility, higher uncertainty reduces the impacteffect of demand shocks on investment. Uncertainty increases real option values makingfirms more cautious when investing or disinvesting. This is confirmed both numerically for amodel with a rich mix of adjustment costs, time-varying uncertainty, and aggregation overinvestment decisions and time, and also empirically for a panel of manufacturing firms.These cautionary effects of uncertainty are large - going from the lower quartile to the upperquartile of the uncertainty distribution typically halves the first year investment response todemand shocks. This implies the responsiveness of firms to any given policy stimulus may bemuch lower in periods of high uncertainty, such as after major shocks like OPEC I and 9/11.