IMF Working Papers

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Lisandro Abrego, S. M. Ali Abbas, Abdul Abiad and Feras H Abu Amra

99/99: Adjustment Costs, Irreversibility, and Investment Patterns in African Manufacturing

Arne Bigsten

99/98: The Rise and Fall of the Pyramid Schemes in Albania

Christopher J. Jarvis

99/97: A Dynamic Model of Inflation for Kenya, 1974-1996

Dick Durevall and Ndung'u, Njuguna S.

99/96: Measures of Potential Output - An Application to Israel

Fabio Scacciavillani and Phillip Lee Swagel

99/95: The Structural Budget Balance - The IMF's Methodology

Robert P. Hagemann

99/94: Managerial Entrenchment and the Choice of Debt Financing

Amadou N. R. Sy

99/93: Coordinating Tariff Reduction and Domestic Tax Reform

Michael Keen and Jenny E. Ligthart

99/92: Central Banking Without Central Bank Money

Alain Ize, Arto Kovanen and Timo Henckel

99/91: Institutionalized Corruption and the Kleptocratic State

Joshua Charap and Christian Harm

99/90: Determinants of Angola's Parallel Market Real Exchange Rate

E. Gelbard and Jun Nagayasu

99/9: Implications of EMU for Exchange Rate Policy in Central and Eastern Europe

George Kopits

99/89: Trade in Financial Services and Capital Movements

Natalia Tamirisa

99/88: External Vulnerability in Emerging Market Economies - How High Liquidity Can Offset Weak Fundamentals and the Effects of Contagion

Christian B. Mulder and Matthieu Bussiere

99/87: Military Spending, the Peace Dividend, and Fiscal Adjustment

Benedict J. Clements, Hamid Reza Davoodi, Jerald Alan Schiff and Peter Debaere

99/86: Signaling Fiscal Regime Sustainability

Alessandro Prati and Francesco Drudi

99/85: Does Mother Nature Corrupt - Natural Resources, Corruption, and Economic Growth

Carlos Leite and Jens Weidmann

99/84: Explaining International Comovements of Output and Asset Returns: The Role of Money and Nominal Rigidities

Robert Miguel W. K. Kollman

99/83: Real Wage Rigidities, Fiscal Policy, and the Stability of EMU in the Transition Phase

Norbert Berthold, Rainer Fehn and Eric Thode

99/82: Common Trends and Structural Change: A Dynamic Macro Model for the Pre- and Postrevolution Islamic Republic of Iran

Becker, Törbjörn I.

99/81: Co-Movements in Long-Term Interest Rates and the Role of PPP-Based Exchange Rate Expectations

Jan Marc Berk and Klaas Knot

99/80: How Persistent Are Shocks to World Commodity Prices?

Paul Cashin, Hong Liang and Christopher John McDermott

99/8: REPMOD - A Smaller Sibling for MULTIMOD

Guy Meredith

99/79: Do Hong Kong SAR and China Constitute An Optimal Currency Area? An Empirical Test of the Generalized Purchasing Power Parity Hypothesis

Hong Liang

99/78: Price Imputation and Other Techniques for Dealing with Missing Observations, Seasonality and Quality Change in Price Indices

Paul A. Armknecht and Fenella Maitland-Smith

99/77: Sources of Economic Growth - An Extensive Growth Accounting Exercise

A. Senhadji Semlali

99/76: Price Liberalization, Money Growth, and Inflation During the Transition to a Market Economy

Hernández-Catá, Ernesto

99/75: Simple Monetary Policy Rules Under Model Uncertainty

Peter Isard, Douglas Michael Laxton and Ann-Charlotte Eliasson

99/74: Estimating Trade Equations from Aggregate Bilateral Data

Tamim A Bayoumi

99/73: The Evolution of Output in Transition Economies - Explaining the Differences

Eduardo Borensztein, Ratna Sahay, Jeromin Zettelmeyer and Andrew Gouinlock Berg

99/72: Sticky Prices - An Empirical Assessment of Alternative Models

Esteban Jadresic

99/71: Excess Volatility and the Asset-Pricing Exchange Rate Model with Unobservable Fundamentals

Lorenzo Giorgiani and Leonardo Bartolini

99/70: A Test of the General Validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem for Trade in the European Community

Dalia S. Hakura

99/7: Inflation Targeting in Korea - An Empirical Exploration

Alexander W. Hoffmaister

99/69: Economic and Legal Considerations of Optimal Privatization - Case Studies of Mortgage Firms (DePfa Group and Fannie Mae)

Claudia Helene Dziobek, Hans-Joachim Beyer and John R. Garrett

99/68: Privatization, Social Impact, and Social Safety Nets

Sanjeev Gupta, Henry Ma and Christian Schiller

99/67: Price and Monetary Dynamics Under Alternative Exchange Rate Regimes

M. F. Bleaney

99/66: Financial Fragility and Economic Performance in Developing Economies - Do Capital Controls, Prudential Regulation and Supervision Matter?

Marco Rossi

99/65: The Georgian Hyperinflation and Stabilization

Jian-Ye Wang

99/64: Survey of Literature on Demand for Money: Theoretical and Empirical Work with Special Reference to Error-Correction Models

Subramanian S. Sriram

99/63: Spend Now, Pay Later? Tax Smoothing and Fiscal Sustainability in South Asia

Paul Cashin, Nadeem Haque and Nilss Olekalns

99/62: Macroeconomic Conditions and Import Surcharges in Selected Transition Economies

Piritta Sorsa

99/61: Inflation Targeting and Output Stability

Esteban Jadresic

99/60: Inequality and Optimal Redistributive Tax and Transfer Policies

Howell H. Zee

99/6: Privatization in Transition Countries - A Sampling of the Literature

Oli Havrylyshyn and Donal McGettigan

99/59: Fixed Capital Adjustment - Is Latin America Different? Evidence from the Colombian and Mexican Manufacturing Sectors

R. Gaston Gelos and Alberto Isgut

99/58: The Role of Inter- and Intraindustry Trade in Technology Diffusion

Dalia S. Hakura and Florence Jaumotte

99/57: Copper and the Chilean Economy, 1960-98

Antonio Spilimbergo

99/56: International Trade and the Business Cycle

Eswar Prasad

99/55: Government Employment and Wages and Labor Market Performance

Dimitri Demekas and Zenon G. Kontolemis

99/54: Deposit Insurance - A Survey of Actual and Best Practices

G. G. Garcia

99/53: Can Currency Demand be Stable Under a Financial Crisis? - The Case of Mexico

May Y. Khamis and Alfredo Mario Leone

99/52: A Review of Capital Account Restrictions in Chile in the 1990s

Francisco Nadal-De Simone and Piritta Sorsa

99/51: Adjustment and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa

Anupam Basu, Evangelos A. Calamitsis and Dhaneshwar Ghura

99/50: Long-Run Exchange Rate Dynamics - A Panel Data Study

Karl Friedrich Habermeier and Mario Mesquita

99/5: Offshore Banking-An Analysis of Micro- and Macro-Prudential Issues

Luca Errico and Alberto Musalem Borrero

99/49: Algeria - The Real Exchange Rate, Export Diversification, and Trade Protection

Piritta Sorsa

99/48: The Egyptian Stock Market - Efficiency Tests and Volatility Effects

Mauro Mecagni and Maged Sawky Sourial

99/47: Exchange Rate Pass-Through and Dynamic Oligopoly - An Empirical Investigation

Dominique Marie Gross and Nicolas Schmitt

99/46: Political Instability and Economic Vulnerability

Christian B. Mulder and Matthieu Bussiere

99/45: Japan's Stagnant Nineties - A Vector Autoregression Retrospective

Ramana Ramaswamy and Christel Rendu

99/44: Nonrenewable Resources - A Case for Persistent Fiscal Surpluses

M. Alier and Martin David Kaufman

99/43: Unemployment, Capital-Labor Substitution, and Economic Growth

Bob Rowthorn

99/42: Does Monetary Policy Stabilize the Exchange Rate Following a Currency Crisis?

Ilan Goldfajn and Poonam Gupta

99/41: Is Poland Ready for Inflation Targeting?

Robert F. Westcott and Peter F. Christoffersen

99/40: Real Exchange Rate Behavior and Economic Growth - Evidence from Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and Tunisia

Ghiath Shabsigh and Domaç, Ilker

99/4: Central Bank Autonomy, and Inflation and Output Performance in the Baltic States, Russia, and Other Countries of the Former Soviet Union, 1995-97

Tonny Lybek

99/39: A Model of the Lender of Last Resort

Haizhou Huang and C. A. E. Goodhart

99/38: East Asia in the Aftermath - Was There a Crunch?

Atish Ghosh and Swart R. Ghosh

99/37: The Long-Run Relationship Between Real Exchange Rates and Real Interest Rate Differentials - A Panel Study

Jun Nagayasu and Ronald MacDonald

99/36: Explaining the Behavior of Financial Intermediation - Evidence from Transition Economies

Philipp C. Rother

99/35: Macroeconomic Fluctuations in Developing Countries - Some Stylized Facts

Eswar Prasad, Agénor, Pierre-Richard and Christopher John McDermott

99/34: Institutions, Innovations, and Growth

Haizhou Huang and Chenggang Xu

99/33: Determinants of Ex-Ante Banking System Distress: A Macro-Micro Empirical Exploration of Some Recent Episodes

González-Hermosillo, Brenda

99/32: How Intensive Is Competition in the Emerging Markets? An Analysis of Corporate Rates of Return from Nine Emerging Markets

Jack D. Glen, Ajit Singh and Rudolph Matthias

99/31: Exchange Rate Movements and Tradable Goods Prices in East Asia - An Analysis Based on Japanese Customs Data, 1988-98

Shinji Takagi and Yushi Yoshida

99/30: The Length and Cost of Banking Crises

Edward J. Frydl

99/3: In Search of "Capital Crunch" - Supply Factors Behind the Credit Slowdown in Japan

D. Woo

99/29: A Model of Contagious Currency Crises with Application to Argentina

Nada Choueiri

99/28: The Korean Financial Crisis of 1997 - A Strategy of Financial Sector Reform

Angel Ubide and Baliño, Tomás J. T.

99/27: Explaining Foreign Exchange Market Puzzles

Norman C. Miller

99/26: Monetary Policy and Public Finances - Inflation Targets in a New Perspective

Christian H. Beddies

99/25: Financial Liberalization, Credit Constraints, and Collateral - Investment in the Mexican Manufacturing Sector

R. Gaston Gelos and Alejandro M. Werner

99/24: Capital Controls and Trade Liberalization in a Monetary Economy

B. Jang

99/23: Growth Gains from Trade and Education

Se-Jik Kim and Yong-jin Kim

99/22: The Stock Market Channel of Monetary Policy

Ralph Chami, Thomas F. Cosimano and Connel Fullenkamp

99/21: Does Higher Government Spending Buy Better Results in Education and Health Care?

Sanjeev Gupta, Erwin R. Tiongson and Marijn Verhoeven

99/20: Credit Allocation and Financial Crisis in Korea

Eduardo Borensztein and Jong-Wha Lee

99/2: Credibility of Central Bank Independence Revisited

Välilä, Timo

99/19: Taxation in Latin America - Structural Trends and Impact of Administration

Parthasrathi Shome

99/181: Assessing External Sustainability in India

Tim Callen and Paul Cashin

99/180: The Political Economy of Redistributive Social Security

Pierre Pestieau

99/18: Are There International R&D Spillovers Among Randomly Matched Trade Partners?- A Response to Keller

David Theodore Coe and Alexander W. Hoffmaister

99/179: The Efficiency of Education Expenditure in Portugal

Benedict J. Clements

99/178: Currency and Banking Crises - The Early Warnings of Distress

Graciela Laura Kaminsky

99/177: Redistribution Through Public Employment - The Case of Italy

Alberto Alesina, Massimo V Rostagno and Stephan Danninger

99/176: Fiscal Federalism and Government Size in Transition Economies - The Case of Moldova

Luiz de Mello

99/175: Global Equilibrium Exchange Rates - Euro, Dollar, "Ins," "Outs," and Other Major Currencies in a Panel Cointegration Framework

Angel Ubide, Humberto Lopez, Enrique Alberola and Susana Garcia Cervero

99/174: Risk, Resources, and Education - Public Versus Private Financing of Higher Education

Berthold Wigger and Weizsäcker, Robert K. von

99/173: Demand for M2 in an Emerging-Market Economy - An Error-Correction Model for Malaysia

Subramanian S. Sriram