Protective or Counter-Productive? Labor Market Institutions and the Effect of Immigration on EU Natives

Joshua Angrist () and Adriana D. Kugler ()
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Adriana D. Kugler: Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CEPR and IZA, Bonn

No 433, IZA Discussion Papers from Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA)

Abstract: We estimate the effect of immigrant flows on native employment in Western Europe, and then ask whether the employment consequences of immigration vary with institutions that affect labor market flexibility. Reduced flexibility may protect natives from immigrant competition in the near term, but our theoretical framework suggests that reduced flexibility is likely to increase the negative impact of immigration on equilibrium employment. In models without interactions, OLS estimates for a panel of European countries in the 1980s and 1990s show small, mostly negative immigration effects. To reduce bias from the possible endogeneity of immigration flows, we use the fact that many immigrants arriving after 1991 were refugees from the Balkan wars. An IV strategy based on variation in the number of immigrants from former Yugoslavia generates larger though mostly insignificant negative estimates. We then estimate models allowing interactions between the employment response to immigration and institutional characteristics including business entry costs. These results, limited to the sample of native men, generally suggest that reduced flexibility increases the negative impact of immigration. Many of the estimated interaction terms are significant, and imply a significant negative effect on employment in countries with restrictive institutions.

Keywords: Immigrant absorption; European unemployment; labor market flexibility; entry costs (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: J23 J61 O52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-eec, nep-ent and nep-ltv
Date: 2002-02
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Related works:
Working Paper: Protective or Counter-Productive? Labor Market Institutions and the Effect of Immigration on EU Natives (2001)
Journal Article: Protective or counter-productive? labour market institutions and the effect of immigration on eu natives (2003)
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