HIV and Fertility in Africa: First Evidence from Population Based Surveys

Chinhui Juhn (), Kalemli-Ozcan, Sebnem () and Belgi Turan ()
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Chinhui Juhn: University of Houston
Kalemli-Ozcan, Sebnem: University of Houston
Belgi Turan: University of Houston

No 4473, IZA Discussion Papers from Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA)

Abstract: The historical pattern of the demographic transition suggests that fertility declines follow mortality declines, followed by a rise in human capital accumulation and economic growth. The HIV/AIDS epidemic threatens to reverse this path. A recent paper by Young (2005), however, suggests that similar to the "Black Death" episode in Europe, HIV/AIDS will actually lead to higher growth per capita among the a affected African countries. Not only will population decline, behavioral responses in fertility will reinforce this decline by reducing the willingness to engage in unprotected sex. We utilize recent rounds of the Demographic and Health Surveys that link an individual woman’s fertility outcomes to her HIV status based on testing. The data allows us to distinguish the effect of own positive HIV status on fertility (which may be due to lower fecundity and other physiological reasons) from the behavioral response to higher mortality risk, as measured by the local community HIV prevalence. We show that HIV-infected women have significantly lower fertility. In contrast to Young (2005), however, we find that local community HIV prevalence has no significant effect on non-infected women's fertility.

Keywords: HIV/AIDS; fertility; economic development (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O12 I12 J13 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-afr, nep-dev and nep-hea
Date: 2009-10

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