Abstract:
Two types of foreign direct investments (FDI), joint ventures (JVs) and wholly owned affiliates, should be treated separately when studying the influence of intellectual property rights (IPRs) on FDI. Failure to distinguish between types of FDI may explain previously mixed results regarding the effects of IPRs on FDI. Using U.S. affiliates data, we find that JVs and wholly owned affiliates react to a change in IPRs regime differently. In particular, there exists an education threshold level above which IPRs have opposite effects on JVs and on wholly owned affiliates.