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Policy Research Working Paper Series
from The World Bank 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20433. Contact information at EDIRC . Series data maintained by Roula I. Yazigi ().
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4530: How to interpret the growing phenomenon of private tutoring: human capital deepening, inequality increasing, or waste of resources ?
Hai-Anh H. Dang and F. Halsey Rogers
4529: Attitudes to equality: the"socialist legacy"revisited
Mamta Murthi and Erwin R. Tiongson
4528: Does poverty research in Russia follow the scientific method?
Michael Lokshin
4527: An empirical analysis of Mexican merger policy
Marcos Ávalos Bracho and Rafael E. De Hoyos
4526: Migrant opportunity and the educational attainment of youth in rural China
Alan de Brauw and John Giles
4525: Credit chains and sectoral comovemen t: does the use of trade credit amplify sectoral shocks ?
Claudio E. Raddatz
4524: The effectiveness of policies to control a human influenza pandemic: a literature review
Arin Dutta
4523: Achieving accelerated and shared growth in Ghana: a MAMS-based analysis of costs and opportunities
Zeljko Bogetic , Maurizio Bussolo and Denis Medvedev
4522: The effects of local environmental institutions on perceptions of smoke and fire problems in Brazil
Sheila Wertz-Kanounnikoff and Kenneth M. Chomitz
4521: How does Vietnam's accession to the World Trade Organization change the spatial incidence of poverty?
Tomoki Fujii and David Roland-Holst
4520: Exiting a lawless state
Karla Hoff and Joseph E. Stiglitz
4519: Is Africa's economy at a turning point?
Jorge Arbache , Delfin S. Go and John Page
4518: Chile: a strategy to promote innovative small and medium enterprises
Mike Goldberg and Eric Palladini
4517: Accessibility and affordability of tertiary education in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Peru within a global context
Yuki Murakami and Andreas Blom
4516: Determinants of a digital divide in Sub-Saharan Africa: a spatial econometric analysis of cell phone coverage
Piet Buys , Susmita Dasgupta , Tim Thomas and David Wheeler
4515: Remittances, consumption and investment in Ghana
Richard H. Adams , Alfredo Cuecuecha and John Page
4514: Competition and demographics
Mohammad Amin
4513: Brazil within Brazil: testing the poverty map methodology in Minas Gerais
Chris Elbers , Peter Frederik Lanjouw and Phillippe George Leite
4512: Does participation in productive associations signal trust and creditworthiness ? evidence for Nicaragua
Diego F. Angel-Urdinola and Ezequiel Molina
4511: Madrasas and NGOs: complements or substitutes ? non-state providers and growth in female education in Bangladesh
Mohammad Niaz Asadullah and Nazmul Chaudhury
4510: Poisoning the mind: arsenic contamination and cognitive achievement of children
Mohammad Niaz Asadullah and Nazmul Chaudhury
4509: Regulatory agencies: impact on firm performance and social welfare
Antonio Estache and Martín A Rossi
4508: Social interactions and student achievement in a developing country: An instrumental variables approach
Mohammad Niaz Asadullah and Nazmul Chaudhury
4507: Agency, education and networks: gender and international migration from Albania
Guy Stecklov , Calogero Carletto , Carlo Azzarri and Benjamin Davis
4506: Measuring the performance and achievement of social objectives of development finance institutions
Manuela Francisco , Yira Mascaro , Juan Carlos Mendoza and Jacob Yaron
4505: A short note on the ATP fund of Denmark
Dimitri Vittas
4504: Inequality in Latin America: determinants and consequences
Humberto Lopez and Guillermo Perry
4503: Decentralization and the provision of public services: framework and implementation
Aehyung Kim
4502: Does Hepatitis B infection or son preference explain the bulk of gender imbalance in China ?: a review of the evidence
Monica Das Gupta
4501: The quality of medical advice in low-income countries
Jishnu Das , Jeffrey Stuart Hammer and Kenneth L. Leonard
4500: Health and civil war in rural Burundi
Tom Bundervoet , Philip Verwimp and Richard Akresh
4499: Upgrading the investment policy framework of public pension funds
Dimitri Vittas , Gregorio Impavido and O'Connor, Ronan
4498: Quantifying institutional impacts and development synergies in water resource programs: a methodology with application to the Kala Oya basin, Sri Lanka
R. Maria Saleth and Ariel Dinar
4497: How sensitive are Latin American exports to Chinese competition in the U.S. market ?
José Ernesto López-Córdova , Alejandro Micco and Danielken Molina
4496: Subnational insolvency: cross-country experiences and lessons
Lili Liu and Michael Waibel
4495: Mental health patterns and consequences: results from survey data in five developing countries
Jishnu Das , Quy-Toan Do , Jed Friedman and David McKenzie
4494: Regulatory governance and sector performance: methodology and evaluation for Electricity distribution in Latin America
Luis Andres , Jose Luis Guasch and Sebastian Lopez Azumendi
4493: Where in the world are you ? Assessing the importance of circumstance and effort in a world of different mean country incomes and (almost) no migration
Branko Milanovic
4492: How does bribery affect public service delivery ? micro-evidence from service users and public officials in Peru
Daniel Kaufmann , Judit Montoriol-Garriga and Francesca Recanatini
4491: Risk-based supervision of pension funds: a review of international experience and preliminary assessment of the first outcomes
Gregory Brunner , Richard Hinz and Roberto Rocha
4490: Risk sharing opportunities and macroeconomic factors in Latin American and Caribbean countries: A consumption insurance assessment
Luigi Ventura
4489: Agro-manufactured export prices, wages and unemployment
Guido Gustavo Porto
4488: Realizing the gains from trade: export crops, marketing costs, and poverty
Jorge Balat , Irene Brambilla and Guido Gustavo Porto
4487: Fiscal redistribution and income inequality in Latin America
Edwin Goni , Humberto Lopez and Luis Servén
4486: On the welfarist rationale for relative poverty lines
Martin Ravallion
4485: Living on the edge -- risk, protection, behavior, and outcomes of Argentine youth
Michael Justesen
4484: On measuring the benefits of lower transport costs
Hanan Jacoby and Bart Minten
4483: Enforceability of labor law: evidence from a labor court in Mexico
David Scott Kaplan and Joyce Sadka
4482: The impact of regional liberalization and harmonization in road transport services: a focus on Zambia and lessons for landlocked countries
Gaël Raballand , Charles Kunaka and Bo Giersing
4481: Bank financing to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Colombia
Constantinos Stephanou and Camila Rodriguez
4480: Aid, growth, and real exchange rate dynamics
Shantayanan Devarajan , Delfin S. Go , John Page , Sherman Robinson and Karen Thierfelder
4479: Bosnia and Herzegovina 2001-2004: enterprise restructuring, labor market transitions and poverty
Erwin R. Tiongson and Ruslan G. Yemtsov
4478: Joseph E. Stiglitz
Karla Hoff
4477: Finding missing markets (and a disturbing epilogue): evidence from an export crop adoption and marketing intervention in Kenya
Nava Ashraf , Xavier Gine and Dean S. Karlan
4476: Informality among formal firms: firm-level, cross-country evidence on tax compliance and access to credit
Roberta Gatti and Maddalena Honorati
4475: Managing post-disaster reconstruction finance -- international experience in public financial management
Wolfgang Fengler , Ahya Ihsan and Kai Kaiser
4474: Indigenous and colonial origins of comparative economic development: the case of colonial India and Africa
C. A. Bayly
4473: Patterns of export diversification in developing countries: intensive and extensive margins
Alberto Amurgo-Pacheco and Martha Denisse Pierola
4472: Rising growth, declining investment: the puzzle of the Philippines
Alessandro Magnoli Bocchi
4471: Distortions to agricultural incentives in Australia since world war II
Kym Anderson , Peter Lloyd and Donald MacLaren
4470: Can China continue feeding itself ? the impact of climate change on agriculture
Jinxia Wang , Robert Owen Mendelsohn , Ariel Dinar , Jikun Huang , Scott Rozelle and Lijuan Zhang
4469: Finance, financial sector policies, and long-run growth
Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Ross Levine
4468: Finance and economic opportunity
Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Ross Levine
4467: Foreign bank acquisitions and outreach: evidence from Mexico
Thorsten Beck and Maria Soledad Martinez Peria
4466: On SARS type economic effects during infectious disease outbreaks
Milan Brahmbhatt and Arindam Dutta
4465: Formal versus informal finance: evidence from China
Meghana Ayyagari , Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Vojislav Maksimovic
4464: Regionalism and trade facilitation: a primer
Jean-Christophe Maur
4463: Are there lessons for africa from China's success against poverty ?
Martin Ravallion
4462: Bypassing health providers: the quest for better price and quality of health care in Chad
Bernard Gauthier and Waly Wane
4461: Services trade and growth
Bernard Hoekman and Aaditya Mattoo
4460: Infrastructure and growth in developing countries: recent advances and research challenges
Stephane Straub
4459: (UN)Bundling public-private partnership contracts in the water sector: competition in auctions and economies of scale in operation
Atsushi Iimi
4458: An alternative framework for foreign exchange risk management of sovereign debt
Martin Melecký
4457: Who are the net food importing countries ?
Francis Ng and M. Ataman Aksoy
4456: Aid inflows and the real effective exchange rate in Tanzania
Ying Li and Francis Rowe
4455: Where to sell ? market facilities and agricultural marketing
Forhad Shilpi and Dina Umali-Deininger
4454: Land rental markets in the process of rural structural transformation: productivity and equity impacts in China
Klaus W. Deininger and Songqing Jin
4453: Is Accra a superstar city ?
Robert Michael Buckley and Ashna S. Mathema
4452: Fiscal spending and economic performance: some stylized facts
Celine Carrere and Jaime A.P. de Melo
4451: Regulatory cooperation, aid for trade and the general agreement on trade in services
Bernard Hoekman and Aaditya Mattoo
4450: Developing countries and enforcement of trade agreements: why dispute settlement is not enough
Chad P. Bown and Bernard Hoekman
4449: Does it pay firms to register for taxes ? the impact of formality on firm profitability
David McKenzie and Yaye Seynabou Sakho
4448: Land reforms, poverty reduction, and economic growth: evidence from India
Klaus W. Deininger , Songqing Jin and Hari K. Nagarajan
4447: Securing property rights in transition: lessons from implementation of China's rural land contracting law
Klaus W. Deininger and Songqing Jin
4446: What matters to African firms ? the relevance of perceptions data
Alan Gelb , Vijaya Ramachandran , Manju Kedia Shah and Ginger Turner
4445: Emerging market liquidity and crises
Eduardo Levy Yeyati , Sergio Luis Schmukler and Neeltje Van Horen
4444: The impoverishing effect of adverse health events: evidence from the western Balkans
Mariapia Mendola , Caryn Bredenkamp and Michele Gragnolati
4443: Human capital and university-industry linkages'role in fostering firm innovation: an empirical study of Chile and Colombia
Daniela Marotta , Michael Mark , Andreas Blom and Kristian Thorn
4442: Assessing the functioning of land rental markets in Ethiopia
Klaus W. Deininger , Daniel Ayalew Ali and Tekie Alemu
4441: Early development economics debates revisited
Michele Alacevich
4440: Affordability and subsidies in public urban transport: what do we mean, what can be done?
Nicolas Estupinan , Andres Gomez-Lobo , Ramon Munoz-Raskin and Tomas Serebrisky
4439: Does corruption impact on firms'ability to conduct business in Mauritania ? evidence from investment climate survey data
Manuela Francisco and Nicola Pontara
4438: Annuities in Switzerland
Monika Bütler and Martin Ruesch
4437: Pension institutions and annuities in Denmark
Carsten Andersen and Peter Skjodt
4436: Public-private partnerships in transport
Antonio Estache , Ellis Juan and Lourdes Trujillo
4435: When do enterprises prefer informal credit ?
Mehnaz Safavian and Joshua Wimpey
4434: Litigation and settlement: new evidence from labor courts in Mexico
David Scott Kaplan , Joyce Sadka and Jorge Luis Silva-Mendez
4433: Mexican employment dynamics: evidence from matched firm-worker data
David Scott Kaplan , Gabriel Martinez and Raymond Robertson
4432: Does employment generation really matter for poverty reduction ?
Catalina Gutierrez , Carlo Orecchia , Pierella Paci and Pieter M. Serneels
4431: Poverty reduction without economic growth ? explaining Brazil's poverty dynamics, 1985-2004
Francisco H. G. Ferreira , Phillippe G. Leite and Martin Ravallion