Abstract:
This paper analyzes if vertical foreclosure can emerge as an equilibrium outcome of an infinitely repeated game. Foreclosure is profitable due to a 'raising rival's costs' effect but it is not a Nash equilibrium of the static game. The results are that foreclosure is in fact a subgame perfect Nash equilibrium of the repeated game, and it may facilitate collusion compared to the nonintegrated industry. The possibility of a counter merger of the nonintegrated firms negatively affects the likelihood and profitability of collusive foreclosure.