Search Results

SPREGDHP: Stata module to estimate Spatial Panel Han-Philips Linear Dynamic Regression: Lag & Durbin Models,
Emad Shehata and Sahra Mickaiel, from Boston College Department of Economics (2013)
Keywords: Regression, Spatial, Panel, Cross Sections, Direct Marginal Effects, Elasticities, Random-Effects (RE), Fixed-Effects (FE), Between-Effects (BE), Han-Philips Linear Dynamic Panel Data, Moran MI Spatial Error Test, Spatial Panel Autocorrelation Tests, Panel Heteroscedasticity Tests, Panel Non Normality Tests, Spatial Lag Panel Model, Spatial Durbin Panel Model

SPATIALSTATS: Excel module to compute spatial statistics,
Roger Goodwin, PMP, from Boston College Department of Economics (2015)
Keywords: spatial, remote sensing, longitudinal data, statistics, weibull distribution, exponential distribution, weighted data, map point, google earth, weighted regression, ellipse, area, random variables, spherical statistics, VBA for Excel, mean center, eccentricity, axis length, rotation, weighted mean center, mean latitude, mean longitude, distribution fitting, spherical variance, eigenvalue, eigenvector

American Women and the Labor Movement, 1825–1974: An Annotated Bibliography. By Martha Jane Soltow and Mary K. Wery. Metuchen, New Jersey, The Scarecrow Press, 1976. Pp. viii + 247. $8.00.America's Working Women: A Documentary History – 1600 to the Present. Compiled and edited by Rosalyn Baxandall, Linda Gordon, and Susan Reverby. New York, Random House, 1976. Pp. xxii + 408. $15.00,
Martha Moore Trescott, in Business History Review (1978)

The Brothers: The Hidden World of Japan's Richest Family. By Lesley Downer · New York: Random House Press, 1995. xxvii + 418 pp. Charts, maps, index, and bibliography. $25.00. ISBN 0-679-42554-3.Architects of Affluence: The Tsutsumi Family and the Seibu-Saison Enterprises in Twentieth-Century Japan. By Thomas R. H. Havens · Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994. xv + 335 pp. Photos, pictures, notes, and index. $45.00. ISBN 0-674-04360-X,
Jeffrey R. Bernstein, in Business History Review (1996)

What about Global History? Recent Research on Tobacco Production in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, 18th to 20th Century. Barbara Hahn. Making Tobacco Bright. Creating an American Commodity, 1617–1937. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press 2011. x + 236 pp. ISBN 978-1-421-40286-4, $63 (cloth). Kathinka Sinha-Kerkhoff. Colonising Plants in Bihar (1760–1950): Tobacco Betwixt Indigo and Sugar. Gurgaon, India: Penguin Random House 2014. xvii + 464 pp. ISBN 978-1-4828-3912-8, $56.88 (paperback),
Alexander van Wickeren, in Enterprise & Society (2017)

This paper investigates empirically the reasons behind the popularity of fixed adjustable pegs in the Middle East North Africa region (MENA). We have used an ordered multinomial random effects probit model for explaining the nature of exchange rate regime according to the official (de jure) and to the actual (de facto) exchange rate classifications. Many dicators have been used as proxies for the different relevant factors. We find that the “fear of floating” factors appear to play a significant role in the choice of regime,
Claude Bismut and Darine Ghanem, from LAMETA, Universtiy of Montpellier (2009)

Optimization of simulated systems: OptQuest and alternatives [also see “Simulation for the optimization of (s, S) inventory system with random lead times and a service level constraint by using Arena and OptQuest. (Together with J. Wan) Working Paper, Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Management, Hebei University of Technology, 300130, Tianjin, China, 18 June 2006],
J.P.C. Kleijnen and J. Wan, from Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management (2007)

Reprioritizing Government Spending on Health: Pushing an Elephant Up the Stairs?,
Ajay Tandon, Lisa Fleisher, Rong Li and Wei Aun Yap, from The World Bank (2014)
Keywords: ability to pay, absenteeism, accountability, adverse consequences, aggregate expenditures, aggregate spending, alcohol consumption, allocation, allocation choices, allocative efficiency, article, budget allocations, budget constraint, budget constraints, budget resources, budget support, budgetary allocations, budgetary constraints, Budgetary Policy, budgetary targets, central government, central government budget, child health, communicable diseases, Data Analysis, debt, debt crisis, debt interest, debt limits, delivery systems, democratic governments, democratic societies, developing countries, donor assistance, donor financing, donor funding, economic growth, Economic Review, Effects of Corruption, efficiency gains, efficient allocations, expenditure levels, EXPENDITURES, external aid, External Debt, externalities, families, finances, financial barriers, financial resources, financial sustainability, financing health care, fiscal capacity, fiscal constraints, fiscal crisis, Fiscal Health, fiscal implications, fiscal policy, fiscal pressures, free choice, fungibility, gasoline taxes, general revenues, general taxes, government budget, government budgets, government expenditure, GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES, government policy, Government Revenue, government revenues, GOVERNMENT SPENDING, growth rate, Health Affairs, Health care, Health care costs, Health Care Financing, health care services, health coverage, Health Economics, Health Education, health expenditure, Health expenditure per capita, health expenditures, Health Expenditures Per Capita, Health Financing, health insurance, health insurance fund, health insurance schemes, health interventions, Health Management, health ministries, Health Organization, health outcomes, Health Policy, health promotion, health promotion activities, health reform, HEALTH SECTOR, health services, Health Share, health system, Health System Performance, Health Systems, health workers, higher government spending, HIV/AIDS, hospitals, Human Development, income, income countries, Income Elasticity, Income Tax, indexes, Infectious Diseases, inflation, informal sector, information asymmetries, insurance, insurance premium, insurance premiums, interest payments, International Bank, intervention, investing, labor markets, levels of public spending, Low income, low-income countries, Macroeconomic Constraints, macroeconomic policy, marginal benefit, market failure, market failures, Medical Benefit, medical services, Mental Health, merit good, military expenditures, military spending, monetary policy, mortality, municipal governments, municipalities, national defense, national health, national health insurance, national health insurance fund, national income, natural disaster, negative externalities, Nutrition, payroll tax, payroll taxes, policy commitments, Policy Research, political economy, politicians, primary care, private goods, private sector, programs, provision of health services, public choice, Public choice theory, public debt, public demand, Public Economics, public expenditure, public expenditures, public finance, public finance theory, public goods, public health, public health spending, public policies, public providers, public resources, public sector, public spending, Quality of Public Spending, recurrent expenditures, reform efforts, reform process, resource allocations, revenue increases, sanitation, share of health spending, share of public spending, size of government, smoking, social benefits, social health insurance, social insurance, social protection, Social Security, Social Security Scheme, social welfare, state budget, Tax Administration, tax Expenditure, Tax Reform, tax revenue, tax revenues, total expenditure, total spending, Trust Fund, Tuberculosis, workers

Frank J. Thompson, Health Policy and the Bureaucracy: Politics and Implementation, MIT Press, 1981, 334pp., £15.50.Christopher Ham, Policy-making in the National Health Service, Macmillan, 1981, 224pp. £18.00.Michael Butts, Doreen Irving and Christopher Whitt, From Principles to Practice: A Commentary on Health Service Planning and Resource Allocation in England From 1970 to 1980, Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust, London, 1981, 200pp., £8.50,
Rudolf Klein, in Journal of Public Policy (1982)

Decision-making regarding restructuring in multinational enterprises,
Ghertman M., from International Labour Organization (1986)
Keywords: decision making, enterprise restructuring, multinational enterprise, Canada, USA, Western Europe, management attitude, business organization, capital resources, size of enterprise, subsidiary, enterprise creation, enterprise takeover, plant shutdown, resource allocation, labour utilization, organigram, reference, prise de décision, restructuration d'entreprise, entreprise multinationale, Canada, Etats-Unis, Europe occidentale, attitude patronale, organisation de l'entreprise, ressources en capital, dimension de l'entreprise, filiale, création d'entreprise, reprise d'entreprise, fermeture d'usine, allocation des ressources, utilisation de la main-d'oeuvre, organigramme, référence bibliographique, toma de decisiones, reestructuración empresarial, empresa multinacional, Canadá, Estados Unidos, Europa Occidental, actitud de la dirección, organización de la empresa, recursos de capital, tamaño de la empresa, subsidiaria, creación de empresa, absorción de empresa, cierre de empresa, asignación de recursos, utilización de la mano de obra, organigrama, referencia

Institutional aspects of promoting renewable energy technologies in India,
Bhatia R., from International Labour Organization (1988)
Keywords: WEP pub, renewable resources, energy conservation, research and development, state intervention, rural area, India, energy policy, resource allocation, government agency, research centre, voluntary organization, nongovernmental organization, community participation, Biogas, solar energy, development project, directory, abbreviations, bibliography, organigram, statistical table, pub PME, ressources renouvelables, économie d'énergie, recherche et développement, intervention de l'Etat, zone rurale, Inde, pub PME, recursos renovables, conservación de la energía, investigación y desarrollo, intervención estatal, zona rural, India, politique énergétique, allocation des ressources, organisme gouvernemental, centre de recherche, organisation volontaire, organisation non gouvernementale, participation de la communauté, énergie solaire, projet de développement, répertoire, abréviations, bibliographie, organigramme, tableau statistique, política energética, asignación de recursos, organismo gubernamental, centro de investigación, organización voluntaria, organización no gubernamental, participación comunitaria, energía solar, proyecto de desarrollo, directorio, abreviaturas, bibliografía, organigrama, cuadros estadísticos

Prise de decision de restructuration dans les multinationales,
Ghertman M., from International Labour Organization (1986)
Keywords: decision making, enterprise restructuring, multinational enterprise, Canada, USA, Western Europe, management attitude, business organization, capital resources, size of enterprise, subsidiary, enterprise creation, enterprise takeover, plant shutdown, resource allocation, labour utilization, organigram, reference, prise de décision, restructuration d'entreprise, entreprise multinationale, Canada, Etats-Unis, Europe occidentale, attitude patronale, organisation de l'entreprise, ressources en capital, dimension de l'entreprise, filiale, création d'entreprise, reprise d'entreprise, fermeture d'usine, allocation des ressources, utilisation de la main-d'oeuvre, organigramme, référence bibliographique, toma de decisiones, reestructuración empresarial, empresa multinacional, Canadá, Estados Unidos, Europa Occidental, actitud de la dirección, organización de la empresa, recursos de capital, tamaño de la empresa, subsidiaria, creación de empresa, absorción de empresa, cierre de empresa, asignación de recursos, utilización de la mano de obra, organigrama, referencia

Community survey on water access, availability and management issues in the dry zone of Myanmar: final report for component 2. [Project report of the Livelihoods and Food Security Trust Fund (LIFT) Dry Zone Program],
Sonali Senaratna Sellamuttu, O. Joffre, Diana Suhardiman, Soumya Balasubramanya, Paul Pavelic, U. Y. T. Htut, Matthew P. McCartney and Robyn Johnston, from International Water Management Institute (2013)
Keywords: Water management, Water resources, Water availability, Arid zones, Surveys, Villages, Climate change, Weather hazards, Rain, Income, Livestock, Groundwater irrigation, Groundwater resources, Water quality, Water allocation, Water use, Water users associations, Irrigated farming, Rainfed farming, Crops, Food security, Institutions, Research projects, Investment, Income, Myanmar, Dry Zone, Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Livestock Production/Industries, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Understanding culture-specific leadership relationship in a multi-cultural virtual project team (MVPT): a case study,
Zhangying He and Tojo Thatchenkery, in International Journal of Business and Globalisation (2011)
Keywords: leadership styles; virtual teams; conflict management; cultural intelligence; cultures; project teams; multi-cultural teams; business environments; international projects; project management; team leaders; cultural backgrounds; intergroup conflicts; global projects; product development; international companies; multinational corporations; MNCs; MVPT; cross-functional roles; China; United States; USA; UK; United Kingdom; leadership differences; resource allocation; headquarters; local offices; external partners; successful resolutions; team performance; web based teams; online teams; internet; world wide web; telecommunications; business strategies; globalisation.

Sustaining Growth in Korea by Reforming the Labour Market and Improving the Education System,
Randall S. Jones and Masahiko Tsutsumi, from OECD Publishing (2009)
Keywords: activité des femmes, allocation de retraite, company pensions, Corée, dualism, dualisme, education reform, emploi des jeunes, employment protection, female employment, fertility rate, Korea, labour market, marché du travail, non-regular workers, older workers, participation rates, protection de l'emploi, retirement allowance, retraites allouées par l'entreprise, réforme de l'éducation, rémunération basée sur l'ancienneté, seniority-based wages, taux d'activité, taux de fécondité, travailleurs non réguliers, travailleurs âgés

How to Improve the Economic Policy Framework for the Housing Market in Israel,
Philip Hemmings, from OECD Publishing (2011)
Keywords: aides au logement, allocation logement, construction, construction, housing, housing markets, housing support, impôt foncier, Israel, Israeli house prices, Israeli housing market, Israël, logement, logement social, loyers, marché de l'immobilier, marché de l'immobilier israélien, marché de l'immobilier locatif, mortgage subsidy, mortgage support, mortgages, planning regulation, prix des logements israéliens, property tax, prêts hypothécaires, prêts hypothécaires aidés, public housing, rent subsidy, rent support, rental market, rents, règlementation relative à l'aménagement du territoire, subvention à la location, subventions des prêts hypothécaires

Reforming Education in England,
Henrik Braconier, from OECD Publishing (2012)
Keywords: allocation d'entretien d'éducation, bien-être, choix de l'école, deprivation funding, disadvantaged students, education maintenance allowance, education systems, financement de privation, financement des écoles, frais de scolarité, grade inflation, inflation des notes, mobilité sociale, PISA, PISA, preschooling, primary education, préscolaire, rendement scolaire, school choice, school efficiency, school funding, school system, social mobility, système scolaire, systèmes d'éducation, tuition fees, well-being, éducation primaire, élèves défavorisés

Track wear-and-tear cost by traffic class: Functional form, zero output levels and marginal cost pricing recovery on the French rail network,
Marc Gaudry and Emile Quinet, from HAL (2009)
Keywords: rail track wear-and-tear,cost function,CES,trans-Log,generalized Box-Cox,zero sample values,maintenance cost allocation by traffic class,marginal cost by traffic class,power axle weight damage laws,cross-sectional data,rail line sections,France,marginal cost pricing,voie ferrée,entretien,fonction de coût,Box-Cox généralisée,observations nulles,classe de trafic,coût marginal d'entretien par catégorie de trafic,fonction de dommage des charges-essieux,données en coupe instantanée,sections de ligne ferroviaire,tarification au coût marginal

International experiences of water transfers: relevance to India,
Francis Gichuki and Peter G. McCornick, from International Water Management Institute (2008)
Keywords: River basins, Water scarcity, Water transfer, Planning, Case studies, History, Water allocation, Environmental effects, Food security, Poverty, USA, Mexico, Central Asia, Spain, China, Lesotho, South Africa, Brazil, India, Colorado River, Aral Sea Basin, Lake Arnasia, Segura Basin, Tagus Basin, Ebro Basin, Three Gorges Project, Yangtze River, Orange River, Vaal River, Sao Francisco Transbasin Project, Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, International Development, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

Labour Market Reform in Germany: How to Improve Effectiveness,
Eckhard Wurzel, from OECD Publishing (2006)
Keywords: activation strategies, activité des personnes sur le marché du travail, Allemagne, allocations chômages, chômage, détermination des rémunérations, emploi, employment, employment protection legislation, Germany, labour force participation, labour market reform, législation sur la protection de l'emploi, minimum wage, policy synergies, public employment services, rigidités salariales, réforme du marché du travail, salaire minimum, service public de l'emploi, stratégie d'activation, synergies des politiques, unemployment, unemployment benefits, wage determination, wage rigidities

The Structural Manifestation of the ‘Dutch Disease’; The Case of Oil Exporting Countries,
Kareem Ismail, from International Monetary Fund (2010)
Keywords: Development;Economic development;Dutch disease;Cross country analysis;Capital;Economic models;External shocks;Exhaustible resources;Resource allocation;Production;Oil exporting countries;Oil prices;Price increases;Industrial sector;International trade;Labor costs;Manufacturing sector;capital markets, capital mobility, capital market, open capital markets, International Factor Movements and International Business: General, Open Economy Macroeconomics, Economic Growth of Open Economies, Comparative Studies of Countries, Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development, Econometric And Statistical Methods: - General, Development Planning And Policy, Economic Growth And Aggregate Productivity,

Analyse micro-économique du coût du chômage en Belgique: réflexions en matière de perspectives sur le marché du travail et de pauvreté,
Amynah Gangji, from ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles (2008)
Keywords: Unemployment -- Costs -- Belgium; Labor market -- Belgium; Employment forecasting -- Belgium; Poverty -- Belgium; Public housing -- Belgium -- Brussels; Chômage -- Coût -- Belgique; Marché du travail -- Belgique; Emploi -- Prévision -- Belgique; Pauvreté -- Belgique; Logement social -- Belgique -- Bruxelles; Belgium -- Economic conditions -- 1991; Belgique -- Conditions économiques -- 1991; construction de logements sociaux; pauvreté monétaire; pauvreté subjective.; allocations-loyers; modèle récursif; pénalité salariale; dépendance d’état; pauvreté d’existence; méthodes de panel; récurrence du chômage

Introduction to Business Analytics Using Simulation,
Jon Pinder, from Elsevier (2016)
Keywords: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA); autoregression; Bayes' theorem; Bernoulli distribution; Binomial distribution; Business Analytics; centered moving average; Central Limit Theorem; Chi-square test; conditional probability; confidence intervals; continuous probability distribution; continuous random variables; correlation; decision analysis; decision tree; Descriptive Analytics; discrete probability distribution; discrete random variables; empirical probability; expected value; five-point estimation; forecasting; heteroscedasticity; hypothesis testing; indicator variable; interaction term; joint probability; Law of Large Numbers; Likert scale; linear regression; MAD; MAPE; margin of error; marginal probability; Mincer-Zarnowitz; Monte Carlo simulation; MSE; multicollinearity; multiple regression; newsvendor problem; nonlinear regression; Normal distribution; optimization; p-value; Poisson distribution; polynomial regression; Predictive Analytics; Prescriptive Analytics; probability; probability distributions; ratio-to-moving-average (RTMA); RMSE; sampling; seasonal index; seasonality; simulation; spurious correlation; standard deviation; standard error; stochastic optimization; Student's t-distribution; subjective probability; triangular distribution; uniform distribution; value of perfect information; variance

Tethered Money,
Gideon Samid, from Elsevier (2015)
Keywords: anonymity; bitcoin; BitMint; cascaded digital money; central banks; charity; claim checks; coin splitting; credit; cryptography; currency; cyber security; David Chaum; Diffie-Hellmann; double spending; equivocation; erosive cryptographic intractability; erosive intractability; federal reserve; fiat money; fiat.bitcoin; fraud; hybrid coins; identity management; innovation; intermint; investment; micropayment; mirage; money; money power; Ponzi scheme; printed coins; Ralph Merkle; randomized coins; reconciliation; RSA; security; sub-oracle; tax; tethered money; tethered trade;

Advancing Cervical Cancer Prevention in India,
S. Krishnan, E. Madsen, D. Porterfield, B. Varghese, J. Poehlman and O. Taylor, from The World Bank (2015)
Keywords: adolescent girls, Breast, Cancers, cervical cancer, cervical cancer screening, citizen, civil society, Communicable Disease, deaths, disease, families, health care, health ... See More + care access, health care system, health facilities, health system, Health Systems, health workers, human resources, intervention, morbidity, morbidity and mortality, mortality, number of new cases, Nutrition, Policy Implications, Population Discussion, productive years, progress, public health, quality assurance, randomized controlled trials, Reproductive Health, sanitation, screening, Specialist, treatment, treatment services, Vaccination, vaccines, workers, World Health Organization

SPREGDPD: Stata module to estimate Spatial Panel Arellano-Bond Linear Dynamic Regression: Lag & Durbin Models,
Emad Shehata and Sahra Mickaiel, from Boston College Department of Economics (2013)
Keywords: Regression , Spatial , Panel , Cross Sections , Linear Dynamic Panel Regression , Han-Philips (2010) Linear Dynamic Panel Regression , Arellano-Bond Linear Dynamic Panel Regression , Arellano-Bond (1991) Linear Dynamic Panel Regression , Arellano-Bover/Blundell-Bond (1995, 1998) System Panel Regression , Direct Marginal Effects , Elasticities , Random-Effects (RE) , Fixed-Effects (FE) , Between-Effects (BE) , Moran MI Spatial Error Test , Spatial Panel Aautocorrelation Tests , Panel Heteroscedasticity Tests , Panel Non Normality Tests , Spatial Lag Panel Model , Spatial Durbin Panel Model

The U.A.W. and Walter Reuther. By Irving Howe and B. J. Widick. New York: Random House, 1949. Pp. 319. $3.00.The Philadelphia Printing Industry: A Case Study. By John W. Seybold. [Industry Wide Collective Bargaining Series.] Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1949. Pp. 114. $1.50.Labor Relations in the New York Rapid Transit Systems, 1904–1944. By James J. McGinley. [St. Louis University, Institute of Social Science Study.] New York: King's Crown Press, 1949. Pp. 635. $6.50.The Firemen's and Patrolmen's Unions in the City of New York: A Case Study in Public Employee Unions. By Emma Schweppe. New York: King's Crown Press, 1948. Pp. xii, 395. $4.50,
William M. Leiserson, in The Journal of Economic History (1952)

Improving Investment Decisions with Simulated Experience Abstract: We apply a new and innovative approach to communicating risks associated with financial products that should support investors in making better investment decisions. In our experiments, participants are able to gain "simulated experience" by random sampling of a previously described return distribution. We find that simulated experience considerably improves participants’ understanding of the underlying risk–return profile and prompts them to reconsider their investment decisions and to choose riskier financial products without regretting their higher risk-taking behavior afterwards. This method of experienced-based learning has high potential for being integrated into real-world applications and services,
Meike A. S. Bradbury, Thorsten Hens and Stefan Zeisberger, in Review of Finance (2015)

Based on site characteristics, this study examines the location preferences of investors from Canada, Japan, and the United Kingdom for U.S. real estate. The analysis uses the state as the unit of observation for the 1980-1989 period. Using a random effects model that pools time-series and cross-sectional data, we identify important factors that explain foreign investors' real property location choice in the U.S. Foreigners prefer states with large, developed, and active economies. Interestingly, a broad measure of the state taxation variable is found to be negative and significant, suggesting that taxation is a deterrent to foreign investors,
Daniel A. Gerlowski, Hung-Gay Fung and Deborah Ford, in Land Economics (1994)

WHAT MOTIVATES EMPLOYEES OF BANKING SYSTEM Abstract The relationship between people and their work has long attracted psychologists, behavioral scientists and, also, economic scientists.Early management theories suggested using financial compensation to impel motivation and job performance. The past two decades have seen tremendous growth in the use of goal setting and management by objectives programmers. More recently, cybernetic control, resource allocation, and social-cognitive theories have been used to examine more closely how particular attributes of a goal, a person and a situation influence goal striving and performance,
Popescu Jenica, in Revista Tinerilor Economisti (The Young Economists Journal) (2007)
Keywords: motivation, behavior, job performance, management, needs, surveys, appreciation , productivity, expectancy.

Alokacja środków finansowych na wybrane działania PROW 2014-2020 z wykorzystaniem optymalizacji liniowej,
Ewa Kiryluk-Dryjska, in Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development
Keywords: allocation, rural development, linear optimization, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Consumer/Household Economics, Crop Production/Industries, Demand and Price Analysis, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Financial Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Health Economics and Policy, Industrial Organization, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, International Development, International Relations/Trade, Labor and Human Capital, Land Economics/Use, Livestock Production/Industries, Marketing, Political Economy, Production Economics, Productivity Analysis, Public Economics, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,

On the tracking and replication of hedge fund optimal investment portfolio strategies in global capital markets in presence of nonlinearities, applying Bayesian filters: 1. Stratanovich – Kalman – Bucy filters for Gaussian linear investment returns distribution and 2. Particle filters for non-Gaussian non-linear investment returns distribution,
Dimitri Ledenyov and Viktor Ledenyov, from University Library of Munich, Germany (2013)
Keywords: hedge fund, investment portfolio, investment strategy, global tactical asset allocation investment strategy, investment decision making, return on investments, value at risk, arbitrage pricing theory, Sharpe ratio, separation theorem, Sortino ratio, Sterling ratio, Calmar ratio, Gini coefficient, value at risk (VaR), Ledenyov investment portfolio theorem, stability of investment portfolio, Kolmogorov chaos theory, Sharkovsky chaos theory, Lyapunov stability criteria, bifurcation diagram, nonlinearities, stochastic volatility, stochastic probability, Markov chain, Bayesian estimation, Bayesian filters, Wiener filtering theory, Stratonovich optimal non-linear filtering theory, Stratonovich – Kalman – Bucy filtering algorithm, Hodrick-Prescott filter, Hirose - Kamada filter, particle filtering methods, particle filters, multivariate filters, Gaussian linear distribution, non-Gaussian nonlinear distribution, Monte-Carlo simulation, Brownian motion, diffusion process, econophysics, econometrics, global capital markets.

With the passage of the Pension Protection Act of 2006 and the Department of Labor regulation regarding qualified default investment alternatives, automatic enrollment and default investments featuring more equities are likely to become more popular. This analysis compares the investment performance of a balanced fund and a lifecycle fund, using average asset allocations observed on the market. Simulations show that the balanced fund is more likely to outperform the lifecycle fund, but its more aggressive approach also leaves plan participants vulnerable to losses as retirement approaches. The lifecycle fund is better at safeguarding wealth in a downward market, while still doing a reasonable job of building wealth. The typical lifecycle fund, however, with a large cash position at retirement, forgoes hedging opportunities for the purchase of immediate life annuities. Neither fund is a sure win over the near-risk-free Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities,
Mark J. Warshawsk Gaobo Pang, from Watson Wyatt Worldwide

Numerical Methods and Optimization in Finance,
Manfred Gilli, Dietmar Maringer and Enrico Schumann, from Elsevier (2011)
Keywords: Acceptance-rejection method; Adaptive expectations; Agent-based modeling; Algorithmic complexity; American option; Approximation; ARMA; Asset selection; Autoregression; Barrier option; Bates Model; Binomial Trees; Bisection; Bootstrap; Boundary conditions; Box-Muller method; Brownian bridge; Calibration of option pricing models; Characteristic function; Computer arithmetic; Condition number; Constant proportion portfolio insurance (CPPI); Constraints; Copula; Crank-Nicolson; Differential Evolution; Direct methods; Direct search; Downside risk; Early exercise; Early exercise boundary; Escrowed dividend model; Experimental design; Explicit method; Extreme value theory; Financial Modeling; Financial Optimization; Finite differences; Fixed point; Gap risk; GARCH; Gauss rules; Gauss-Newton; Gauss-Seidel method; Geometric Brownian motion; Gradient based method; Greeks; Heston model; Historical simulation; Implicit method; Implied volatility; Initial conditions; Interest rate models; Inversion method; Iterative methods; Jacobi method; Least Median of Squares; Least Squares problems; Least Trimmed Squares; Levenberg-Marquardt; Linear correlation; Local Search; Machine precision; Markov chain; Matrix factorization; Metropolis algorithm; Model accuracy; Model evaluation; Model risk; Moving average processes; Nelder-Mead direct search; Nelson-Siegel model; Nelson-Siegel-Svensson model; Newton method; Nonlinear Least Squares; Numerical instability; Numerical integration; Numerical methods in finance; Operation count; Optimization; Optimization heuristics; Option pricing; Particle Swarm Optimization; Portfolio optimization; Portfolios; Pseudo-random numbers; Quadratic programming; Quasi-Monte Carlo; Random number generator; Rank correlation; Risk-reward measures; Robust regression; Root finding; SOR; Sparse matrices; Steepest descent; Term structure models; Threshold Accepting; Unconstrained optimization; Value-at-risk; Volatility clustering; Wiener processes; θ-method

HIV response using budgeting for results in HIV/AIDS programs: lessons from Peru,
Andre Medici, Veronica Vargas, Fernando Lavadenz and Lais Miachon, from The World Bank (2014)
Keywords: adolescents, allocation of resources, antenatal care, burden of disease, cases of AIDS, childbearing, Community Health, condom, condom distribution, condom use, Diagnosis ... See More + Diseases, drug therapy, educational activities, epidemic, Epidemiology, female, fetus, Gross National Income, health centers, health interventions, health system, Health Workers, high risk groups, high-risk groups, HIV, HIV testing, HIV TRANSMISSION, HIV/AIDS, hospitals, Household surveys, infection, infection rate, international organizations, laboratory services, Ministry of Health, mother, mothers, national policy, National Strategy, new cases, new infections, number of deaths, number of women, Nutrition, patients, Population Knowledge, pregnant woman, pregnant women, prevalence, progress, promotion of condom use, prophylaxis, RISK POPULATIONS, safe behaviors, screening, sex, sex with men, sex workers, social security, STIs, TB, TB control, technical capacity, treatment, UNAIDS, vertical transmission, vulnerable populations, women of childbearing age

Financing the Frontline: An Analytical Review of Provincial Administrations' Rural Health Expenditure 2006-2012,
Alan Cairns and Xizohui Hou, from The World Bank (2015)
Keywords: sanitation, communities, spending levels, deficit, basic services, villages, accounting, financial management, operational expenditure, village, aggregate spending, provincial ... See More + support, provincial budget, local governments, community health, programs, services, policy recommendations, cost estimates, central budget, health care, revenues, health care facilities, provincial hospital, health, provincial levels, provinces, government accounting, health workers, projects, project, budget model, tax, environmental health, inflation, rural community, revenue sources, fiscal impact, cost of services, budget, fiscal capacity, health sector, knowledge, subnational, chart of accounts, budget allocations, district administration, district levels, outreach work, training, immunization, patient, patients, appropriation, operational costs, district, provincial government, health centers, ex ante controls, provincial ‘transfers, transfers, provincial spending, expenditure analysis, provincial administrators, auditor-general, cost of service, district health, accounting system, provincial level, service delivery, district level, expenditure data, national agency, public investment, health information, infrastructure, design, entitlements, health spending, expenditure, assignment of responsibilities, sub-national, equity, subnational expenditure, accountability, workers, appropriations, transparency, provincial expenditure, central administration, public expenditure, budget process, provision of water, province, distribution function, capacity constraints, national government, budgets, level of government, provincial performance, family planning, provincial administrations, medical supplies, performance information, fiscal year, provincial capital, performance analysis, provincial administration, nutrition, workshops, service delivery functions, personnel emoluments, primary health care, mobile clinics, internet, program structure, sanitation services, central coordination, district headquarters, clinics, annual budget, rural areas, birth attendants, health expenditure, allocation, provincial governments, cost estimate, revenue, facilities, national policy, community health worker, financial support, provincial treasury, community, strategy, public investment program, central agencies, hospitals, price index, provincial discretion, outcomes, government accounts, rural development, health services, implementation, service, districts, financing arrangements, service providers, provincial treasuries

Slowdown in Emerging Markets: Rough Patch or Prolonged Weakness?,
Tatiana Didier, Ayhan Kose, Franziska Ohnsorge and Lei Sandy Ye1, from The World Bank (2015)
Keywords: growth rates, monetary policy, capital markets, capital goods, durable goods, economic growth, technological progress, urbanization, multipliers, terms-of-trade, international capital, exposures, oil prices, fiscal deficits, interest, income, expectations, economic consequences, interest rate, emerging economies, property rights, exchange, balance of payments, macroeconomic policy, resource allocation, labor force, political economy, international capital markets, developing economies, revenues, technological changes, fiscal policy, world development indicators, economic effects, labor inputs, incentives, equilibrium, economic consequences, models, capital markets, sustainable development, central banks, energy taxes, business cycles, developed countries, economic effects, emerging market economies, economic activity, fiscal policies, oil prices, global economy, oil, currency, export growth, terms of trade, advanced economies, population growth, irreversibility, debts, natural resources, options, labor productivity, interest rates, structural unemployment, opec, emerging market, debt, scientific knowledge, governance indicators, tax reform, private capital flows, labor productivity, dividends, terms of trade, private capital, natural resources, production processes, metals, financial system, subsidies, efficiency, purchasing power, market economies, taxes, capital constraints, government securities, resources, infrastructure investment, unemployment, emerging markets, deregulation, energy consumption, equity, investors, productivity growth, data availability, consumption, scientific knowledge, wages, international trade, volatility, values, financial crisis, future, fiscal policies, economic • growth, share of world output, discount rates, credit, world economy, purchasing power, demand, national income, market economies, aggregate demand, disinflation, population growth, environments, expenditures, capital flows, property, advanced economy, global risks, labor markets, environment, labor force, resource allocation, developed countries, monetary policies, expansionary fiscal policy, economics, inflation-targeting, terms of trade, securities, output, global financial market, capital goods, governance, stock indexes, discount rates, business cycles, currencies, government debt, economic development, trade, land, market volatility, financial market, investment, bond, share, investment climate, global output, balance sheets, coal, business environment, economic development, sustainable development, banking, global investors, private consumption, world trade, productivity growth, economists, energy taxes, tax reform, economic • growth, demographic, environmental, labor markets, commodity prices, power outages, commodity, structural unemployment, adverse effects, economic growth, property rights, labor inputs, global economic prospects, prices, capital constraints, economic conditions, international best practice, economies, production processes

An Introduction to the Mathematics of Finance,
Stephen Garrett, from Elsevier (2013)
Keywords: Accumulation; Annual Percentage Rate of Charge (APR); Annuity; Appraisal; Arbitrage; Black-Scholes; Borrower; Box spreads; Brownian motion; Butterfly spreads; Capital; Capital gains tax; Capital outstanding; Cash flows; Clearinghouse; Collars; Compound interest; Derivatives; Discount; Discounted payback period; Duration; Equation of value; Expectations theory; Fixed-interest securities; Flat rate; Force of interest; Forward rate; Forwards; Full immunization; Futures; Gross redemption yield; Income tax; Index-linked stocks; Inflation; Lender; Linked internal rate of return; Liquidity preference theory; Loans; Log-normal model; Long position; Makeham's formula; Margin; Market segmentation theory; Matching; Money-weighted rate of return; Moneyness; Net present value; Net yield; Nominal rate of discount; Nominal rate of interest; Offsetting; Optional redemption date; Options; Payback period; Position diagram; Present value; Principle of consistency; Prospective approach; Random numbers; Rate of interest; Ratio spreads; Redington immunization; Retrospective approach; Risk premium; Shares; Short position; Simple interest; Simulations; Spot rate; Spreads; Stochastic models; Straddles; Strangles; Swaps; Synthetic forwards; Term structure; Time-weighted rate of return; Trading strategies; Uncertain payments; Uncertainty; Volatility; Yield; Yield equation

Elements of Financial Risk Management,
Peter Christoffersen, from Elsevier (2011)
Keywords: ARMA; asset returns; Binomial trees; Black-Scholes-Merton model; bootstrapping; coherent stress testing; Cornish-Fisher approximation; correlation; Covariance; credit default swaps; credit VaR; DCC models; Default; dependence; distribution forecast evaluation; distributions; Expected Shortfall; extreme value theory; factor structure; Filtered Historical Simulation; full valuation; GARCH; Gram-Charlier approximation; Historical Simulation; implied volatility functions; leverage effect; linear model; market microstructure noise; maximum likelihood; Merton model; moments; Monte Carlo simulation; moving average; multivariate t distribution; normal copula; Option delta; option gamma; Probability; QQ plots; quadratic model; quasi maximum likelihood; random number generation; range-based volatility; realized covariance; Realized volatility; Real-life VaRs; recovery; regression; RiskMetrics; sampling frequency; stylized facts of returns; t copula; t distribution; Threshold correlations; Types of risk; Value-at-Risk; VAR; VaR violations; Vasicek distribution; Volatility

A Comparative Study of the Relative Merits of Employee Commitment among the Academic Librarians in Nigerian Public and Private UniversitiesAbstract: The study utilized the expose-facto survey design to evaluate the relative merits of employee commitment among academic librarians in Nigerian public and private universities. In a bid to effectively carry out this study, the descriptive research design was adopted. A population of four hundred academic librarians (400) was selected for the study, using random sampling technique. The questionnaire was used to gather relevant data. The data collected were analyzed using simple percentages, t-test and F- ratio. The findings revealed that academic librarians in public and private universities have Affective, Continuance and Normative commitment to their institutions. It was also observed that public university academic librarians are highly more committed to their institutions than the private ones as evidence by the calculated mean, t-test and F- ratio. The study recommended that managers of university libraries should intensify and sustain policies that will enhance the three fundamentals of commitment components, so that they can discharge better services to library users in order to enhance the efficiency of the institution and accomplish the set objectives of the university. There is also the need for training and retraining of academic librarians in both public and private universities so that they will be more affectively, continually and normatively committed to their institutions,
Juliana Bosede Amune, in International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences (2015)
Keywords: Affective, Continuance, Normative, Commitment, Academic Librarians, Public University and Private University

The New HIV/AIDS Program in Peru: The Role of Prioritizing and Budgeting for Results,
Veronica Vargas, from The World Bank (2015)
Keywords: access to care, access to health care, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, adolescents, aged, AIDS case, AIDS cases, AIDS deaths, AIDS Health, AIDS patients, allocation ... See More + of resources, antenatal care, ART therapy, babies, baby, behavioral change, behavioral interventions, birth rate, Burden of Disease, C-section, C-sections, case of AIDS, cases of AIDS, cell count, childbearing, chronic disease, civil society organizations, clinical trials, community health, condom, condom distribution, condom use, Condoms, cost effectiveness, delivery costs, diagnoses, diagnosis, disease burden, drug therapy, drug trafficking, Drugs, educational activities, epidemic, epidemics, Epidemiology, Family Health, fashion, father, Female, Female Sex Workers, Females, fetus, formal education, Global HIV/AIDS, Gross National Income, Health Care, health care services, health centers, health education, Health Insurance, health interventions, health sector, health service, health services, health system, health workers, healthy life, heterosexual intercourse, high risk groups, high-risk groups, HIV, HIV infection, HIV infections, HIV positive, HIV prevention, HIV testing, HIV transmission, HIV/AIDS, homosexuals, hospital, hospital discharge, hospitals, Human Development, human rights, Immune Deficiency, infection among women, infection rate, information services, information system, information systems, international cooperation, international organizations, international programs, intervention, Laboratory Services, laboratory testing, leading causes, leading causes of mortality, limited resources, local authorities, low prevalence, Malaria, male adolescents, Male Sex, mass media, medicines, Ministry of Health, mortality, mother, mother to child, mother to child HIV transmission, Mother to Child Transmission, mother-to-child, mother-to-child transmission, mothers, multiple partners, national policy, NATIONAL STRATEGY, new cases, new infections, newborn, number of AIDS deaths, number of children, Number of Deaths, number of new infections, number of people, number of women, Nutrition, orphan, orphan children, orphans, PATIENT, patients, peer education, People Living with AIDS, pharmaceutical companies, population projections, Population Sector, pregnancy, pregnant woman, Pregnant Women, premature death, prevention strategies, preventive actions, preventive activities, progress, promotion of condom use, prophylaxis, Public Health, PUBLIC POLICY, quality control, rates of infection, Reproductive Health, research centers, research communities, Resistant Tuberculosis, resource allocation, Risk behaviors, risk groups, risk populations, safe behaviors, SCREENING, SERVICE DELIVERY, sex education, sex with men, Sex Worker, Sex Workers, sexual activity, sexual contact, Sexual education, sexual exploitation, sexual initiation, Sexuality, Sexually Transmitted Disease, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Sexually Transmitted Infections, social security, social services, socioeconomic status, Specialist, STD, STDS, STIs, TB, technical assistance, teens, treatment, treatment services, Tuberculosis, UNAIDS, urban areas, urban centers, vertical transmission, viral load, virus, vulnerability, vulnerable groups, women of childbearing age, workers, World Health Organization, young adults, young people, youth

Cyclical Patterns in Government Health Expenditures Between 1995 and 2010,
Edit V. Velenyi and Marc F. Smitz, from The World Bank (2014)
Keywords: allocation of resources, analytical capacity, Article, automatic stabilizer, automatic stabilizers, balance of payment, banking crises, Burns, BUSINESS CYCLE, business ... See More + cycles, capital flows, capital formation, capital investment, capital spending, Central Bank, central government, central government spending, checks, Country Risk, credit markets, creditworthiness, crisis countries, currency crises, data analysis, DATA AVAILABILITY, data quality, debt, debt crises, debt payments, demand for health, demand for health care, demand for services, developing countries, diagnostic tool, economic cycle, economic development, economic downturn, economic downturns, economic fluctuations, economic growth, ECONOMIC POLICIES, economic policy, ECONOMIC RISK, economic shocks, education spending, efficiency gains, exchange rate, exchange rates, expenditure growth, EXPENDITURES ON HEALTH, exporters, external borrowings, external debt, family planning, financial crises, Financial Crisis, financial flows, financial markets, financial protection, financial resources, financial risk, financial sustainability, financial variables, financing policies, fiscal adjustment, fiscal austerity, fiscal behavior, fiscal constraints, fiscal deficits, Fiscal Health, fiscal impact, fiscal institutions, fiscal policies, fiscal policy, fiscal rules, fiscal stabilization, Fiscal Statistics, fiscal targets, foreign direct investment, government budgets, government consumption, government expenditure, GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES, government revenue, government revenues, government spending, gross domestic product, growth potential, growth rate, health budgets, health care, health care financing, health coverage, Health Database, health expenditure, HEALTH EXPENDITURES, health financing, health insurance, health insurance funds, health needs, Health Organization, health outcomes, health policies, Health Policy, health sector, health sector reform, health service, health services, health share, health spending, health status, health system, Health Systems, Health Systems Research, health targets, household income, human capital, Human Development, illness, income countries, income effects, income elasticity, income groups, income growth, interest payments, International Bank, intervention, Keynesian theories, liquidity, loan, loan repayment, local currency, local governments, low-income countries, macroeconomic environment, Monetary Fund, National Health, national income, nongovernmental organizations, Nutrition, pensions, personal income, policy formulation, policy responses, political economy, Political Risk, poverty reduction, price volatility, private sector, provision of health services, provision of water, public education, public expenditure, public expenditures, public health, public health spending, public investment, public investments, public sector, public spending, purchasing power, remittances, reserves, returns, Risk Groups, risk management, safety net, sanitation, sector budget, sector policies, sector policy, sectoral allocation, sectoral policies, SOCIAL EXPENDITURES, social insurance, social policies, social policy, social programs, social protection, social safety nets, social services, solvency, sovereign debt, tax, total spending, transparency, Trust Fund, unemployment, voluntary sector

Health Financing Options for Samoa: Challenges and Opportunities,
Ian Anderson, from The World Bank (2013)
Keywords: addiction, administrative costs, adolescents, alcohol consumption, allocation, allocation of resources, allocative efficiency, Annual Report, Antenatal care, Article, ... See More + budget documents, budget outlook, burden of disease, cancer patient, cancer patients, capital costs, cardiovascular diseases, central bank, child health, chlamydia, clinical services, clinics, communicable diseases, cost of services, cost of treatment, cost recovery, cost sharing, cost-effectiveness, cost-recovery, costs of health care, counseling, curative health care, deaths, debt, deficit financing, dental care, determinants of health, diabetes, diets, disasters, doctors, donor assistance, donor financing, economic downturns, economic growth, economic shocks, economies of scale, employment, essential drugs, essential health care, exchange rates, external shocks, families, family planning, Finance Ministry, financial barriers, financial cost, financial health, financial management, financial management systems, financial protection, financial resources, financial risk, financial risk protection, financial sector, financial statements, financial years, fiscal deficit, food security, foreign exchange, Foreign loans, gallstones, general taxation, girls' education, government expenditure, health behavior, health care, health care access, health care expenditure, health care providers, health care resources, health care system, health care­service delivery, health effects, health expenditure, health expenditure per capita, health expenditures, health facilities, HEALTH FINANCING, health funding, health information, health insurance, health interventions, Health Organization, health outcome, health outcomes, health plan, health professionals, health promotion, health resources, health sector, Health Service, health services, Health Specialist, health spending, health status, health system, HEALTH SYSTEMS, health workforce, health-care, health-care costs, HEALTH-FINANCING, health-financing system, high blood pressure, hospital admissions, hospital buildings, hospitals, household income, Human Development, human resources, hygiene, hypertension, illness, immunization, income, income countries, income distribution, income groups, income growth, infant mortality, infant mortality rate, infants, infectious diseases, inflation, Influenza, infrastructure projects, injuries, inpatient care, insurance, Life expectancy, Life expectancy at birth, living standards, local currency, low income, low-income countries, macroeconomic variables, marijuana, market failures, medical care, medical supplies, Medical Treatment, medicines, Medium-Term Expenditure, Medium-Term Expenditure Framework, Mental Health, midwifery, Ministry of Finance, monetary policies, mortality, national budgets, national health, National Health Service, National Health Services, natural disasters, Nurses, Nursing, Nutrition, Obesity, output levels, palliative care, patient, Patient treatment, patients, performance framework, pharmacy, physical activity, physicians, pocket payment, polio, postnatal care, price elasticities, private health insurance, private insurance, private pharmacies, private sector, programs, provider payment, public expenditure, Public Expenditure on Health, public health, public health care, public health interventions, public health services, public health system, public provision, public sector, quality of health, quality of services, reform agenda, rehabilitation, risk factors, sanitation, screening, sector policies, sexually transmitted infections, smoking, Social Development, social health insurance, STIs, structural reforms, suicide, surgery, Total expenditure, traditional health care, treatment, tuberculosis, uncertainty, under-five mortality, vaccination, vaccinations, wounds

RESPONSE OF NIGERIAN CASSAVA EXPANSION INITIATIVES TO CLIMATE CHANGES, ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SOME POLICY INSTRUMENT (1970-2012),
Onwumere Joseph and Ichie Victoria Adanma, in International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics (IJFAEC)
Keywords: This study considered the limiting response of Nigeria cassava expansion initiative to climate changes, economic growth and some policy instruments. The presidential initiative to make cassava a foreign exchange earner as well as ensuring that national demand are satisfied has made cassava a significant economic crop and resource input of industrial and international status. Currently, its derivatives such as animal feed, starch, ethanol, cassava chip, cassava flour, cassava liquor etc are in high demand. Having gained international recognition some factors need be examined to ascertain the limiting response of this economic crop some exogenous factors. The specific objectives of interest were to ascertain the response of cassava output expansion to rainfall, temperature, imports, exports, credit allocation to agribusiness, exchange rate, nominal interest rate, inflation and GDP from 1970 – 2012. Also, it examined the short and long run effects of these variables to cassava output so as to know how much adjustment it makes to reach the equilibrium. Secondary data were used for this research work. The technique of data analysis was auto- regressive modeling regression. To capture the long run and short run dynamics of cassava output behavior, the error correction model (ECM) using the Engle-Granger methodology was adopted. The result revealed a very high rate of adjustment to long run equilibrium and the variables are correlated which means that impact of each variable on cassava output behavior in the economy is inseparable. The Error correction coefficient of -0.975 measures the speed of adjustment towards long run equilibrium earned the expected negative sign and is statistically significant at 1% risk level. Thus, this study recommends that the emerging cassava economy of Nigeria would be adequately empowered for efficient productivity if the Government stipulate policies that will encourage domestic output expansion to meet the national and foreign demands while avoiding increase in inflation, importation of goods and services and proper checks and balances of the increase and decrease of temperature and rainfall using effective and efficient metrological centre., Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Political Economy,

Handbook of High Frequency Trading,
Greg N. Gregoriou, from Elsevier (2015)
Keywords: After market trading; Algorithmic trading; Algorithms; Alpha; ASEAN; Before market trading; Borsa istanbul; Brad Katsuyama; Carry trade; Colocation; Commonality; Complexity; Conditional volatility models; Correlation breakdown; Customers; Cyber security; Derivatives; Discrete choice model; DJIA; Downside risk; Earnings announcements; Efficient stock market; Epps effect; Exchanges; Failure of market orders; Filter rules; Financial scandals; Firm-specific news; Flash Boys; Flash crash; Fleeting orders; Foreign exchange (FX); FOREX; Fourier analysis; Game theory; Government; Hedge funds; Heteroscedasticity; HFT strategies; High frequency; High frequency traders (HFT); High-frequency data; High-frequency financial data; High-frequency trade; High-frequency trading; High-frequency volatility dynamics; Historical evolution; Holding period; Individual ethical responsibility; Information regimes; Institutional traders; Integrity; Intraday returns; Latency reduction; Leverage effect; Limit order; Limit order books; Liquidity; Low-risk investing; Macroannouncement effects; Market activity; Market efficiency; Market fairness; Market microstructure; Market order; Market structure; Markov regime-switching GARCH; Michael Lewis; MiFID II; Moving average rule; Moving-average crossovers; NASDAQ; News arrival; News flows; Nonparametric estimation; Order flow; Organizational trust; Performance evaluation; Periodic effects; Portfolio; Portfolio allocation; Principal components; Profitability; Program trading; Public disclosure platform (kamuyu aydinlatma platformu-KAP); Realized volatility; Regulation; Regulators; Retail traders; Return volatility; Securities regulation; Semimartingale; Sentiment scores; Sharpe ratio; Stability; Statistical prerequisites; Stock exchanges; Strategic trading; Structural breaks; Stylized facts; Subordinator; Systematic liquidity; Technical analysis; Technical arbitrage; Tick-by-tick data; Time series analysis; Tone at the top; Trading; Trading activity; Trading algorithms; Trading range breakouts; Trading strategy; TRNA; Unit root tests; Volatility persistence; Wavelets analysis