Nanoscale soft interaction-engineered perovskite heterojunctions for highly efficient and reproducible solar cells

Bo Li (), Danpeng Gao, Francesco Vanin, Chunlei Zhang, Zexin Yu, Ning Wang, Jie Gong, Shuai Li, Jianqiu Gong, Liangchen Qian, Yen-Hung Lin, Martin Stolterfoht, Nicholas J. Long () and Zonglong Zhu ()
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Bo Li: Central South University
Danpeng Gao: City University of Hong Kong
Francesco Vanin: City University of Hong Kong
Chunlei Zhang: City University of Hong Kong
Zexin Yu: City University of Hong Kong
Ning Wang: City University of Hong Kong
Jie Gong: City University of Hong Kong
Shuai Li: City University of Hong Kong
Jianqiu Gong: City University of Hong Kong
Liangchen Qian: City University of Hong Kong
Yen-Hung Lin: The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Martin Stolterfoht: Chinese University of Hong Kong
Nicholas J. Long: White City Campus
Zonglong Zhu: City University of Hong Kong

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract The rational design of perovskite heterojunctions is crucial for advancing the efficiency and operational stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, conventional methods face challenges in precisely controlling interfacial phase purity at the nanoscale and achieving conformal heterojunction coverage. Herein, we report a ‘soft-soft’ interaction-guided strategy to tailor perovskite heterojunction formation by introducing dimethyl sulfide (DMS) as a soft Lewis base additive in the organic cation solution. The resulting DMS-modulated PSCs achieve a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 26.70%, with a certified PCE of 26.48%. The devices exhibit exceptional operational stability, retaining over 94% of their initial PCE after 2000 h of maximum power point tracking under continuous 1-sun illumination (ISOS-L-1 protocol). Furthermore, the universality of this ‘soft-soft’ interaction strategy is validated across a range of diverse perovskite compositions and ligand systems, demonstrating its potential for scalable and reproducible PSC fabrication.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-64550-4

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