Biomimetic self-reinforcing recyclable biomass-derived inherently-safe sustainable materials

Rui-Zhi Wu, Xing-Liang Li (), Huan-Sheng Cai, Ning Zhao, Fu-Gui Wang, Ke-Rui Ye, Xiu-Li Wang, Yu-Zhong Wang and Teng Fu ()
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Rui-Zhi Wu: Sichuan University
Xing-Liang Li: Sichuan University
Huan-Sheng Cai: Sichuan University
Ning Zhao: Sichuan University
Fu-Gui Wang: Sichuan University
Ke-Rui Ye: Sichuan University
Xiu-Li Wang: Sichuan University
Yu-Zhong Wang: Sichuan University
Teng Fu: Sichuan University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Biomass-derived recyclable materials that can replace petrochemical-derived plastics are highly sought for a sustainable future. However, incumbent materials often face performance deterioration challenges owing to the aging issues after use in the environment. Here, we present a self-reinforcing, recyclable, unprecedented polyester material derived entirely from biomass lignin and soybeans, mimicking the self-reinforcement mechanism of biological systems. Our material leverages a [2 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction mediated by aromatic π-conjugated vinylidene structures, enhancing performance under ultraviolet light, hygrothermal conditions, and external electric fields. Specifically, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and anti-ultraviolet efficiency can be enhanced to 103 MPa, 560%, and 73%, respectively, far surpassing those of known biomass-derived materials and engineered plastics. Additionally, the material demonstrates outstanding insulativity, barrier properties, flame retardancy, solvent resistance, and recyclability, meeting the demands of sustainable green new energy material. Our strategy for this self-reinforcing biomass recyclable material provides rich possibilities for designing next-generation sustainable materials.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-64664-9

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