Cryptocurrency and Shariah: Analyzing the Implications of Islamic Jurisprudence on Bitcoin and its Ethical Framework

Muhammad Amir Husairi Che Rani and Muhammad Shaqif Azfar Afandi
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Muhammad Amir Husairi Che Rani: Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, University Teknologi MARA, UiTM Terengganu Branch
Muhammad Shaqif Azfar Afandi: Faculty of Accountancy, University Teknologi MARA, UiTM Terengganu Branch

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2025, vol. 9, issue 10, 1420-1431

Abstract: Bitcoin leads in the cryptocurrency market, outpacing its rivals and serving as a decentralized means of exchange that aims to reshape the landscape of the financial industry. The fact that it emerged as a non-physical high-value money served to attract ownership of this currency. Nevertheless, despite the fact that it offers a variety of innovations, bitcoin is plagued by problems of legality, regulatory uncertainty, and the fact that it serves as a platform for unlawful activity. In addition to this, it comes into conflict with Shariah compliance legislation, particularly with regard to its physicality and its relationship with Islamic financial transactions. The revolution may also result in innovative concepts regarding corporate practices, electoral systems, gaming legislation, energy consumption levels. Within the framework of Islamic finance, the current research investigates whether or not cryptocurrencies comply with Shariah law, with a particular focus on Bitcoin. The present study examines the Shariah compliance of cryptocurrencies, with a special emphasis on Bitcoin, within the context of Islamic banking. This paper employs qualitative content analysis of original Islamic sources, theoretical perspectives, and case studies to evaluate the ethical and legal compliance of digital currencies. The study emphasizes the prospective incorporation of blockchain technology into Islamic institutions, hence promoting ethical financial conduct in accordance with religious principles. The findings indicate that Bitcoin adheres to fundamental Islamic principles by excluding haram elements such as riba (usury), gharar (uncertainty), and maysir (gambling), while also possessing characteristics akin to conventional currency. Nonetheless, concerns regarding its environmental impact, potential changes, and adherence to regulations limit its acceptability. The findings indicate that, with appropriate frameworks and advancements in Islamic fintech, cryptocurrencies have the potential to serve as Shariah-compliant financial instruments while promoting inclusion and stability within Islamic banking.

Date: 2025
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