A Review of Consumers' Over-Indebtedness: Definitions, Determinants, and Measurement Approaches

Nur Hafidzah Idris and Roszi Naszariah Nasni Naseri
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Nur Hafidzah Idris: Faculty of Business Management University Technology MARA, Cawangan Melaka
Roszi Naszariah Nasni Naseri: Faculty of Business Management University Technology MARA, Cawangan Melaka

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2025, vol. 9, issue 10, 2539-2546

Abstract: Over-indebtedness is one of the biggest challenges in the modern world. While there is a growing global concern about consumer over-indebtedness, research remains limited and inconsistent in defining and measuring this condition. This review critically analyzes the various definitions and measurement approaches of over-indebtedness, identifying conceptual gaps and methodological limitations in objective, subjective, and administrative models. The paper concludes by advocating for a borrower-centric measurement framework, particularly the 'sacrifice-based' approach proposed by Schicks (2014), which offers a more holistic and accurate understanding of the over-indebtedness condition. The review highlights that adopting such frameworks will enable future researchers and policymakers to design more effective interventions and solutions to mitigate over-indebtedness challenges.

Date: 2025
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