Factors of Childfree Choice: Insights from Malay Individuals in Malaysia

Zhang Linman, Li Xuewei, Tanusha Siva Kumar, Azrizal Ab Halim, Nur Afiqah Mohd Lamin and Faizah Mohd Fakhruddin
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Zhang Linman: Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, University Technology Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
Li Xuewei: Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, University Technology Malaysia Johor, Malaysia
Tanusha Siva Kumar: Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, University Technology Malaysia Johor, Malaysia
Azrizal Ab Halim: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University Technology Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
Nur Afiqah Mohd Lamin: Faculty of Civil Engineering, University Technology Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
Faizah Mohd Fakhruddin: Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, University Technology Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2025, vol. 9, issue 10, 4742-4754

Abstract: The decision to remain childfree, defined as a deliberate choice to forgo having children, reflects a growing trend influenced by modern societal and economic dynamics. This qualitative study explores the multifaceted factors shaping childfree choices among Malay individuals in Malaysia, revealing a complex interplay of social and economic determinants. Through semi-structured and in-depth interviews with five informants, key themes emerged, including busy lifestyles, employer expectations, personal freedom, love-based marriages, shared values in marriage, a supportive social system, the absence of societal pressure, and concerns about financial instability. Findings indicate that demanding careers and economic uncertainties, particularly in the post-COVID-19 era, deter parenthood. At the same time, autonomy, mutual agreement, and supportive communities empower childfree choices, even in a traditionally pronatalist Malay cultural context. The study highlights a shift toward individualized definitions of marital fulfilment, challenging conventional family norms. Limitations include a small, non-representative sample and reliance on self-reported data, suggesting the need for mixed-methods and longitudinal research to enhance generalizability and explore evolving trends. Recommendations include developing family-friendly workplace policies, such as flexible work arrangements and affordable childcare, which could mitigate barriers to parenthood for those who desire it, as well as community interventions, while simultaneously studying their impact on childfree trends.

Date: 2025
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