The Spillover Effect: Assessing its Impact on Work-Life Balance Among Employees in National Referral Hospitals, Kampala

Arinaitwe Enid (), Samson Ntongai () and Frankline Odayo ()

Journal of Human Resource Studies, 2025, vol. 4, issue 1, 1 - 14

Abstract: Aim: This study investigated the impact of spillover, boundary management, social norms, and social support on the work-life balance (WLB) of employees at national referral hospitals in Kampala. Methods: The study adopted a quantitative approach guided by spillover theory and using a correlational design. The sample was 352 randomly selected healthcare professionals from a population of 2,914. Data was collected through validated questionnaires (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.717–0.897; content validity: 0.900 - 0.913) between October 2024 and November 2024. The data was analyzed using multiple regression. Results: The study found the Affect as the strongest predictor in the model indicating that for every unit increase in positive emotional attachment to work, EWLB improves by 1.136 units (standardized β = 0.886). This had a highly significant result (t = 16.211) confirming that employees’ emotional experiences substantially influence work-life balance. Behavioral factors exhibit a smaller but still significant positive relationship. Each unit increase in constructive work behaviors corresponded to a 0.229-unit improvement in balance (β = 0.183, t = 3.044), contributing about one-fifth as much as affective factors. The values component reveals that alignment between personal and organizational values enhances EWLB by 0.303 units per increase in value congruence (β = 0.277, t = 4.347), representing the second-strongest influence after affect and confirming values as a robust predictor. Conclusion: The findings suggest that interventions targeting emotional well-being, value congruence, and constructive behaviors can significantly improve WLB among Ugandan healthcare workers. Recommendation: Policymakers, theorists, and practitioners should adopt a holistic approach that goes beyond workload reduction, addressing affective, behavioral, and value-based drivers of work-life balance in high-stress environments.

Keywords: Spillover; affect; behavior; values; work-life balance (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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