Entrepreneurial ecosystems, evolutionary growth and global expansion

Syed Tariq Anwar ()
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Syed Tariq Anwar: Engler College of Business, West Texas A&M University

Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 2025, vol. 23, issue 2, No 10, 528-558

Abstract: Abstract The purpose of this case-based research paper is to analyze and discuss entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) and their evolutionary growth and global expansion. We achieve this purpose by specifically investigating Sialkot’s (Pakistan) EE and its sports goods industry which is a world-renowned business cluster and continues to attract domestic and global consumers and multinational corporations (MNCs). This EE is a well-known phenomenon to be reckoned with in global markets. Drawing upon the literature of EE and international entrepreneurship, we systematically explore and investigate Sialkot’s EE and its growth potential and global expansion beyond Pakistan. Findings of the study reveal that Sialkot’s sports goods industry and its EE took over 77 years to be built with the help of nascent entrepreneurs, innovative small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and progressive local and national agencies and state organizations. This EE remains to be immensely successful and economically competitive in the country and beyond. The paper adds a meaningful value to the literature of EE and international entrepreneurship and provides future research directions and lessons for other entrepreneurs and businesses in Pakistan and global markets.

Keywords: Entrepreneurial ecosystems; Evolutionary growth; Global expansion; Pakistan; Sialkot (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: M16 N85 O53 Z21 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s10843-025-00389-6

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