Maintaining sulfur supply to the symbiosome delays nodule senescence in soybean

Yuan Li, Miao-Miao Nie, Dan-Ni Li, Shuang Bai, Qian Liu, Dong-Ni Qin, Qi-Rong Li, Bo-Wen Zhou, Ke-Xin Zhuang, Xiao Wu, Jun-Ye Lu, Ren-Fang Shen and Zhi-Chang Chen ()
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Yuan Li: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Miao-Miao Nie: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
Dan-Ni Li: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
Shuang Bai: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
Qian Liu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Dong-Ni Qin: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
Qi-Rong Li: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Bo-Wen Zhou: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
Ke-Xin Zhuang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xiao Wu: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
Jun-Ye Lu: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
Ren-Fang Shen: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zhi-Chang Chen: Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in legume-rhizobia represents a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to chemical nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture. Identifying key factors involved in nodule senescence, is crucial for enhancing SNF by effectively extending the lifespan of nodules. Here, we reveal that sulfur (S), an essential element for SNF, plays a major regulatory role in the senescence of soybean (Glycine max) nodules. Blocking S input into the symbiosome by knocking out either S transporter genes SULTR2;1 or SULTR3;5, resulted in a significant decrease in glutathione levels. This reduction impairs the capacity for reactive nitrogen species scavenging, thereby accelerating nodule senescence. Notably, reducing reactive nitrogen species (RNS) production in rhizobia or increasing S input in soybean nodules through genetic manipulation, can effectively mitigate high nitrogen-induced nodule senescence. Our findings demonstrate that SULTR-mediated S input is a pivotal step in regulating nodule senescence, and provide insights for developing strategies to enhance SNF in legumes by delaying nodule senescence.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-64708-0

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