Dual epitaxial telecom spin-photon interfaces with long-lived coherence

Shobhit Gupta, Yizhong Huang, Shihan Liu, Yuxiang Pei, Qiang Gao, Shuolong Yang, Natasha Tomm, Richard J. Warburton and Tian Zhong ()
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Shobhit Gupta: University of Chicago
Yizhong Huang: University of Chicago
Shihan Liu: University of Chicago
Yuxiang Pei: University of Chicago
Qiang Gao: University of Chicago
Shuolong Yang: University of Chicago
Natasha Tomm: University of Basel
Richard J. Warburton: University of Basel
Tian Zhong: University of Chicago

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Optically active solid-state spin qubits thrive as an appealing technology for quantum interconnects and quantum networks, thanks to their atomic size, scalable synthesis, long-lived coherence, and ability to coherently interface with flying qubits. Trivalent erbium dopants, in particular, emerge as an attractive candidate due to their emission in the telecom C band and shielded 4f intra-shell spin and optical transitions. Nevertheless, prevailing top-down architectures for rare-earth qubits and devices have not yet achieved simultaneous long optical and spin coherence, which is necessary for efficient long-distance quantum networks. Here, we demonstrate dual Er3+ telecom spin-photon interfaces in two distinct lattice symmetry sites within an epitaxial thin-film platform. By leveraging high matrix crystallinity, controlled proximity of dopants to surfaces, and exploiting host lattice symmetry, we simultaneously achieve kilohertz-level optical linewidth in a strongly symmetry-protected site, and erbium qubit spin coherence times exceeding 10 milliseconds. Additionally, we realize single-shot readout and microwave coherent control of erbium qubits in a fiber-integrated package, enabling rapid deployment and scalability. These advancements highlight the significant potential of high-quality rare-earth qubits and quantum memories assembled using a bottom-up method, paving the way for scalable development of quantum light-matter interfaces tailored for telecommunication quantum networks.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-64780-6

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