Controlling quantum phases with step-like electric potentials in one-dimensional Hubbard systems

D. Arisa, R. M. Dos Santos, I. M. Carvalho and V. V. França ()
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D. Arisa: São Paulo State University (UNESP)
R. M. Dos Santos: São Paulo State University (UNESP)
I. M. Carvalho: São Paulo State University (UNESP)
V. V. França: São Paulo State University (UNESP)

The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, 2025, vol. 98, issue 11, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Quantum systems under electric potentials provide a powerful framework for uncovering and controlling novel quantum phases, especially in low-dimensional systems with strong correlations. In this work, we investigate quantum phase transitions induced by a step-like electric potential in a one-dimensional half-filled Hubbard chain. By analyzing i) tunneling energy and local doublon response, ii) charge and spin gaps, and iii) entanglement between the chain halves, we identify three distinct phases: Mott insulator, metal and band-like insulator. The metallic regime, characterized by the closing of both charge and spin gaps, is accompanied by a electric-potential dependence of kinetic energy and a quasi-periodic oscillatory behavior of local doublon response and entanglement. Although the metallic phase persists for different magnetizations, its extent in the phase diagram shrinks as spin polarization increases. Graphical abstract

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1140/epjb/s10051-025-01080-4

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