Details about Sara Markowitz

Phone:	404-712-8167
Postal address:	Department of Economics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
Workplace:	National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), (more information at EDIRC) Department of Economics, Emory University, (more information at EDIRC)

Access statistics for papers by Sara Markowitz.

Last updated 2023-04-07. Update your information in the RePEc Author Service.

Short-id: pma138

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Working Papers

2025

1. Sex-Based Wage Gaps in Nursing
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

2023

2. Nurse Practitioner Scope of Practice and Patient Harm: Evidence from Medical Malpractice Cases and Adverse Action Reports
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

2022

3. ACA Medicaid Expansions and Maternal Morbidity
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

2020

4. The Effects of State Scope of Practice Laws on the Labor Supply of Advanced Practice Registered Nurses
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (2)
   See also Journal Article The Effects of State Scope of Practice Laws on the Labor Supply of Advanced Practice Registered Nurses, American Journal of Health Economics, University of Chicago Press (2022) View citations (4) (2022)
5. Toward a Uniform Classification of Nurse Practitioner Scope of Practice Laws
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (4)

2017

6. Effects of State-Level Earned Income Tax Credit Laws in the U.S. on Maternal Health Behaviors and Infant Health Outcomes
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (13)
   See also Journal Article Effects of state-level Earned Income Tax Credit laws in the U.S. on maternal health behaviors and infant health outcomes, Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier (2017) View citations (13) (2017)

2016

7. Competitive Effects of Scope of Practice Restrictions: Public Health or Public Harm?
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
   See also Journal Article Competitive effects of scope of practice restrictions: Public health or public harm?, Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier (2017) View citations (15) (2017)

2013

8. Effects of Bicycle Helmet Laws on Children's Injuries
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)
   See also Journal Article EFFECTS OF BICYCLE HELMET LAWS ON CHILDREN'S INJURIES, Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (2015) View citations (5) (2015)

2012

9. Estimating the Relationship between Alcohol Policies and Criminal Violence and Victimization
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (13)
   See also Journal Article Estimating the Relationship between Alcohol Policies and Criminal Violence and Victimization, German Economic Review, Verein für Socialpolitik (2012) View citations (15) (2012)
10. Estimating the Relationship between Alcohol Policies and Youth Violence
    Working Papers, Ball State University, Department of Economics View citations (4)

2011

11. Early Maternal Employment and Family Wellbeing
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (13)
12. Side Effects of Competition: the Role of Advertising and Promotion in Pharmaceutical Markets
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)
13. Smoking Policies and Birth Outcomes: Estimates From a New Era
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (4)
14. The Effects of Alcohol Policies in Reducing Entry Rates and Time Spent in Foster Care
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

2010

15. Prices and Cigarette Demand: Evidence from Youth Tobacco Use in Developing Countries
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
16. The Effects of Employment on Influenza Rates
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (6)
    See also Journal Article The effects of employment on influenza rates, Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier (2019) View citations (27) (2019)
17. Where There's Smoking, There's Fire: The Effects of Smoking Policies on the Incidence of Fires in the United States
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

2009

18. A Cure for Crime? Psycho-Pharmaceuticals and Crime Trends
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (3)
    See also Journal Article A cure for crime? Psycho‐pharmaceuticals and crime trends, Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (2011) View citations (17) (2011)
19. Can A Rational Choice Framework Make Sense of Anorexia Nervosa?
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (2)
20. The Effects of Pharmaceutical Marketing and Promotion on Adverse Drug Events and Regulation
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
    See also Journal Article The Effects of Pharmaceutical Marketing and Promotion on Adverse Drug Events and Regulation, American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association (2010) View citations (17) (2010)

2008

21. Family Leave after Childbirth and the Health of New Mothers
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (6)

2007

22. Incentives in Obesity and Health Insurance
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (17)

2006

23. Even For Teenagers, Money Does Not Grow on Trees: Teenage Substance Use and Budget Constraints
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (7)
24. Medicaid Policy Changes in Mental Health Care and Their Effect on Mental Health Outcomes
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (3)
    See also Journal Article Medicaid policy changes in mental health care and their effect on mental health outcomes, Health Economics, Policy and Law, Cambridge University Press (2007) View citations (10) (2007)
25. The Effectiveness of Cigarette Regulations in Reducing Cases of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
    See also Journal Article The effectiveness of cigarette regulations in reducing cases of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier (2008) View citations (20) (2008)

2005

26. An Investigation of the Effects of Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol Policies on Youth Risky Sexual Behaviors
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (46)
    See also Journal Article An Investigation of the Effects of Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol Policies on Youth Risky Sexual Behaviors, American Economic Review, American Economic Association (2005) View citations (45) (2005)
27. Suicidal Behavior and the Labor Market Productivity of Young Adults
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)
    Also in IZA Discussion Papers, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA) (2005) View citations (1)
28. The Effect of Child Access Prevention Laws on Non-Fatal Gun Injuries
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

2004

29. An Investigation of the Effects of Alcohol Policies on Youth STDs
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (7)
    See also Chapter An Investigation of the Effects of Alcohol Policies on Youth Std, Advances in Health Economics and Health Services Research, Emerald Group Publishing Limited (2005) (2005)
30. Does the Length of Maternity Leave Affect Maternal Health?
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (9)
    See also Journal Article Does the Length of Maternity Leave Affect Maternal Health?, Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons (2005) View citations (1) (2005)

2003

31. Alcohol Abuse and Suicide Attempts Among Youth - Correlation or Causation?
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (5)
32. Are Mental Health Insurance Mandates Effective? Evidence from Suicides
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (5)
    See also Journal Article Are mental health insurance mandates effective? Evidence from suicides, Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (2006) View citations (23) (2006)
33. Lighting Up and Slimming Down: The Effects of Body Weight and Cigarette Prices on Adolescent Smoking Initiation
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (16)
    See also Journal Article Lighting up and slimming down: the effects of body weight and cigarette prices on adolescent smoking initiation, Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier (2004) View citations (81) (2004)
34. The Relationships between Mental Health and Substance Abuse Treatment and Juvenile Crime
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (4)

2002

35. Get High and Get Stupid: The Effect of Alcohol and Marijuana Use on Teen Sexual Behavior
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (14)
    See also Journal Article Get High and Get Stupid: The Effect of Alcohol and Marijuana Use on Teen Sexual Behavior, Review of Economics of the Household, Springer (2004) View citations (31) (2004)
36. I Did What Last Night?!!! Adolescent Risky Sexual Behaviors and Substance Use
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (11)
    See also Journal Article I Did What Last Night? Adolescent Risky Sexual Behaviors and Substance Abuse, Eastern Economic Journal, Eastern Economic Association (2005) View citations (34) (2005)
37. Substance Use and Suicidal Behaviors Among Young Adults
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (5)
38. The Impact of Lending, Borrowing, and Anti-Smoking Policies on Cigarette Consumption by Teens
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (2)

2001

39. Toward a Framework for Improving Health Care Financing for an Aging Population: The Case of Israel
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)

2000

40. An Economic Analysis of Alcohol, Drugs, and Violent Crime in the National Crime Victimization Survey
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (10)
41. Criminal Violence and Alcohol Beverage Control: Evidence from an International Study
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (9)
    See also Chapter Criminal violence and alcohol beverage control: evidence from an international study, Chapters, Edward Elgar Publishing (2001) (2001)
42. The Impact of Maternal Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use on Children's Behavior Problems: Evidence from the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (7)
43. The Role of Alcohol and Drug Consumption in Determining Physical Fights and Weapon Carrying by Teenagers
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (6)
    See also Journal Article The Role of Alcohol and Drug Consumption in Determining Physical Fights and Weapon Carrying by Teenagers, Eastern Economic Journal, Eastern Economic Association (2001) View citations (15) (2001)

1999

44. Alcohol Regulation and Violence Towards Children
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (5)
45. Alcohol Regulation and Violence on College Campuses
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (17)
    See also Chapter Alcohol regulation and violence on college campuses, Chapters, Edward Elgar Publishing (2001) (2001)
46. The Price of Alcohol, Wife Abuse, and Husband Abuse
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (7)
    See also Journal Article The Price of Alcohol, Wife Abuse, and Husband Abuse, Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons (2000) View citations (11) (2000)

1998

47. The Effects of Alcohol Regulation on Physical Child Abuse
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (9)

Journal Articles

2025

1. Nurse practitioner oversight ratios and labor market outcomes
   Contemporary Economic Policy, 2025, 43, (1), 52-78

2024

2. Nurse practitioner scope of practice and patient harm: Evidence from medical malpractice payouts and adverse action reports
   Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2024, 43, (2), 420-445

2022

3. The Effects of State Scope of Practice Laws on the Labor Supply of Advanced Practice Registered Nurses
   American Journal of Health Economics, 2022, 8, (1), 65 - 98 View citations (4)
   See also Working Paper The Effects of State Scope of Practice Laws on the Labor Supply of Advanced Practice Registered Nurses, NBER Working Papers (2020) View citations (2) (2020)

2020

4. Anti-poverty policy and health: Attributes and diffusion of state earned income tax credits across U.S. states from 1980 to 2020
   PLOS ONE, 2020, 15, (11), 1-18 View citations (2)

2019

5. The effects of employment on influenza rates
   Economics & Human Biology, 2019, 34, (C), 286-295 View citations (27)
   See also Working Paper The Effects of Employment on Influenza Rates, NBER Working Papers (2010) View citations (6) (2010)

2018

6. In honor of Michael Grossman
   Southern Economic Journal, 2018, 85, (1), 3-5

2017

7. Competitive effects of scope of practice restrictions: Public health or public harm?
   Journal of Health Economics, 2017, 55, (C), 201-218 View citations (15)
   See also Working Paper Competitive Effects of Scope of Practice Restrictions: Public Health or Public Harm?, NBER Working Papers (2016) (2016)
8. Effects of state-level Earned Income Tax Credit laws in the U.S. on maternal health behaviors and infant health outcomes
   Social Science & Medicine, 2017, 194, (C), 67-75 View citations (13)
   See also Working Paper Effects of State-Level Earned Income Tax Credit Laws in the U.S. on Maternal Health Behaviors and Infant Health Outcomes, NBER Working Papers (2017) View citations (13) (2017)

2016

9. Job mobility among parents of children with chronic health conditions: Early effects of the 2010 Affordable Care Act
   Journal of Health Economics, 2016, 48, (C), 26-43 View citations (6)
10. THE PASS-THROUGH OF BEER TAXES TO PRICES: EVIDENCE FROM STATE AND FEDERAL TAX CHANGES
    Economic Inquiry, 2016, 54, (4), 1946-1962 View citations (31)
11. The effect of an increased minimum wage on infant mortality and birth weight
    American Journal of Public Health, 2016, 106, (8), 1514-1516 View citations (30)

2015

12. EFFECTS OF BICYCLE HELMET LAWS ON CHILDREN'S INJURIES
    Health Economics, 2015, 24, (1), 26-40 View citations (5)
    See also Working Paper Effects of Bicycle Helmet Laws on Children's Injuries, NBER Working Papers (2013) View citations (1) (2013)
13. School suspension and the school-to-prison pipeline
    International Review of Law and Economics, 2015, 43, (C), 98-106 View citations (5)
14. The Effect of Regulated Competition on Pharmaceutical Advertising and Promotion
    Eastern Economic Journal, 2015, 41, (1), 24-39
15. The Effects of Mandated Health Insurance Benefits for Autism on Out‐of‐Pocket Costs and Access to Treatment
    Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2015, 34, (2), 328-353 View citations (3)
16. Tobacco Control Policies and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in Developed Nations
    Health Economics, 2015, 24, (8), 1042-1048 View citations (5)

2014

17. Alcohol control and foster care
    Review of Economics of the Household, 2014, 12, (4), 589-612 View citations (1)
18. WHERE THERE'S SMOKING, THERE'S FIRE: THE EFFECTS OF SMOKING POLICIES ON THE INCIDENCE OF FIRES IN THE USA
    Health Economics, 2014, 23, (11), 1353-1373 View citations (2)

2013

19. Child Access Prevention Laws and Nonfatal Gun Injuries
    Southern Economic Journal, 2013, 80, (1), 5-25
20. Effects of early maternal employment on maternal health and well-being
    Journal of Population Economics, 2013, 26, (1), 285-301 View citations (12)
21. Tobacco Control Policies, Birth Outcomes, and Maternal Human Capital
    Journal of Human Capital, 2013, 7, (2), 130 - 160 View citations (13)

2012

22. Estimating the Relationship between Alcohol Policies and Criminal Violence and Victimization
    German Economic Review, 2012, 13, (4), 416-435 View citations (15)
    Also in German Economic Review, 2012, 13, (4), 416-435 (2012) View citations (14)
    See also Working Paper Estimating the Relationship between Alcohol Policies and Criminal Violence and Victimization, NBER Working Papers (2012) View citations (13) (2012)

2011

23. A cure for crime? Psycho‐pharmaceuticals and crime trends
    Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2011, 30, (1), 29-56 View citations (17)
    See also Working Paper A Cure for Crime? Psycho-Pharmaceuticals and Crime Trends, NBER Working Papers (2009) View citations (3) (2009)

2010

24. The Effects of Pharmaceutical Marketing and Promotion on Adverse Drug Events and Regulation
    American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2010, 2, (4), 1-25 View citations (17)
    See also Working Paper The Effects of Pharmaceutical Marketing and Promotion on Adverse Drug Events and Regulation, NBER Working Papers (2009) (2009)

2009

25. Substance use among adolescent students with consideration of budget constraints
    Review of Economics of the Household, 2009, 7, (4), 423-446 View citations (9)

2008

26. The Relationship between Suicidal Behavior and Productive Activities of Young Adults
    Southern Economic Journal, 2008, 75, (2), 300-331 View citations (1)
27. The effectiveness of cigarette regulations in reducing cases of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
    Journal of Health Economics, 2008, 27, (1), 106-133 View citations (20)
    See also Working Paper The Effectiveness of Cigarette Regulations in Reducing Cases of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, NBER Working Papers (2006) (2006)

2007

28. An empirical investigation of the social market for cigarettes
    Health Economics, 2007, 16, (10), 1025-1039 View citations (12)
29. Antidepressants and youth: Healing or harmful?
    Social Science & Medicine, 2007, 64, (10), 2138-2151 View citations (5)
30. Medicaid policy changes in mental health care and their effect on mental health outcomes
    Health Economics, Policy and Law, 2007, 2, (1), 23-49 View citations (10)
    See also Working Paper Medicaid Policy Changes in Mental Health Care and Their Effect on Mental Health Outcomes, NBER Working Papers (2006) View citations (3) (2006)

2006

31. Are mental health insurance mandates effective? Evidence from suicides
    Health Economics, 2006, 15, (1), 83-97 View citations (23)
    See also Working Paper Are Mental Health Insurance Mandates Effective? Evidence from Suicides, NBER Working Papers (2003) View citations (5) (2003)
32. Introduction to Symposium on Obesity
    Eastern Economic Journal, 2006, 32, (1), 111-113
33. Obesity, Cigarette Prices, Youth Access Laws, and Adolescent Smoking Initiation
    Eastern Economic Journal, 2006, 32, (1), 149-170 View citations (12)

2005

34. Alcohol, Drugs and Violent Crime
    International Review of Law and Economics, 2005, 25, (1), 20-44 View citations (67)
35. An Investigation of the Effects of Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol Policies on Youth Risky Sexual Behaviors
    American Economic Review, 2005, 95, (2), 263-266 View citations (45)
    See also Working Paper An Investigation of the Effects of Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol Policies on Youth Risky Sexual Behaviors, NBER Working Papers (2005) View citations (46) (2005)
36. Does the Length of Maternity Leave Affect Maternal Health?
    Southern Economic Journal, 2005, 72, (1), 16-41 View citations (1)
    See also Working Paper Does the Length of Maternity Leave Affect Maternal Health?, NBER Working Papers (2004) View citations (9) (2004)
37. Erratum to "Alcohol abuse and suicide attempts among youth": [Economics and Human Biology 2 (2) (2004) 159-180]
    Economics & Human Biology, 2005, 3, (1), 164-164
38. I Did What Last Night? Adolescent Risky Sexual Behaviors and Substance Abuse
    Eastern Economic Journal, 2005, 31, (3), 383-405 View citations (34)
    See also Working Paper I Did What Last Night?!!! Adolescent Risky Sexual Behaviors and Substance Use, NBER Working Papers (2002) View citations (11) (2002)

2004

39. Aging and aggregate costs of medical care: conceptual and policy issues
    Health Economics, 2004, 13, (6), 543-562 View citations (11)
40. Alcohol abuse and suicide attempts among youth
    Economics & Human Biology, 2004, 2, (2), 159-180 View citations (29)
41. Get High and Get Stupid: The Effect of Alcohol and Marijuana Use on Teen Sexual Behavior
    Review of Economics of the Household, 2004, 2, (4), 413-441 View citations (31)
    See also Working Paper Get High and Get Stupid: The Effect of Alcohol and Marijuana Use on Teen Sexual Behavior, NBER Working Papers (2002) View citations (14) (2002)
42. Lighting up and slimming down: the effects of body weight and cigarette prices on adolescent smoking initiation
    Journal of Health Economics, 2004, 23, (2), 293-311 View citations (81)
    See also Working Paper Lighting Up and Slimming Down: The Effects of Body Weight and Cigarette Prices on Adolescent Smoking Initiation, NBER Working Papers (2003) View citations (16) (2003)

2003

43. The effect of price on counselling sessions attended by depression patients
    Applied Economics Letters, 2003, 10, (14), 899-903

2001

44. The Role of Alcohol and Drug Consumption in Determining Physical Fights and Weapon Carrying by Teenagers
    Eastern Economic Journal, 2001, 27, (4), 409-432 View citations (15)
    See also Working Paper The Role of Alcohol and Drug Consumption in Determining Physical Fights and Weapon Carrying by Teenagers, NBER Working Papers (2000) View citations (6) (2000)
45. The impact of maternal alcohol and illicit drug use on children's behavior problems: evidence from the children of the national longitudinal survey of youth
    Journal of Health Economics, 2001, 20, (5), 703-731 View citations (11)

2000

46. The Price of Alcohol, Wife Abuse, and Husband Abuse
    Southern Economic Journal, 2000, 67, (2), 279-303 View citations (11)
    See also Working Paper The Price of Alcohol, Wife Abuse, and Husband Abuse, NBER Working Papers (1999) View citations (7) (1999)
47. The effects of beer taxes on physical child abuse
    Journal of Health Economics, 2000, 19, (2), 271-282 View citations (53)

1998

48. ALCOHOL REGULATION AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE TOWARDS CHILDREN
    Contemporary Economic Policy, 1998, 16, (3), 309-320 View citations (49)

Chapters

2010

1. Chapter 2 Alcohol Policies and Child Maltreatment
   A chapter in Current Issues in Health Economics, 2010, pp 17-35

2005

2. An Investigation of the Effects of Alcohol Policies on Youth Std
   A chapter in Substance Use: Individual Behaviour, Social Interactions, Markets and Politics, 2005, pp 229-256
   See also Working Paper An Investigation of the Effects of Alcohol Policies on Youth STDs, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2004) View citations (7) (2004)
3. Tobacco Control Policies and Youth Smoking: Evidence from a New Era
   A chapter in Substance Use: Individual Behaviour, Social Interactions, Markets and Politics, 2005, pp 277-291

2001

4. Alcohol regulation and violence on college campuses
   Chapter 11 in The Economic Analysis of Substance Use and Abuse, 2001, pp 257-290
   See also Working Paper Alcohol Regulation and Violence on College Campuses, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (1999) View citations (17) (1999)
5. Criminal violence and alcohol beverage control: evidence from an international study
   Chapter 13 in The Economic Analysis of Substance Use and Abuse, 2001, pp 309-334
   See also Working Paper Criminal Violence and Alcohol Beverage Control: Evidence from an International Study, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2000) View citations (9) (2000)