Details about Gary Richardson

Access statistics for papers by Gary Richardson.

Last updated 2024-09-05. Update your information in the RePEc Author Service.

Short-id: pri185

Working Papers

2024

1. Bank Failures and Economic Activity: Evidence from the Progressive Era
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)
2. Bank Lending and Deposit Crunches during the Great Depression
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
3. Business Failures by Branch of Business in the United States, 1895 to 1935: A Statistical History
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
4. Businesses and Borrowing during the Roaring ‘20s and at the Onset of the Great Depression
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
5. Federal Reserve Independence and Congressional Intent: A Reappraisal of Marriner Eccles’ Role in the Reformulation of the Fed in 1935
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
6. Traumatic Financial Experiences and Persistent Changes in Financial Behavior: Evidence from the Freedman's Savings Bank
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)

2023

7. Signals and Stigmas from Banking Interventions: Lessons from the Bank Holiday in 1933
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)

2022

8. Independent Regulators and Financial Stability: Evidence from Gubernatorial Campaigns and a Progressive Era Policy Experiment
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

2020

9. Contagion of Fear
   CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers
   Also in CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo (2020)
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2020)
10. Countercyclical Capital Buffers: A Cautionary Tale
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (4)
11. Payments Crises and Consequences
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (2)
    Also in Research Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City (2020)

2017

12. Contagion During the Initial Banking Panic of the Great Depression
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (15)
13. Deposit Insurance and Depositor Monitoring: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from the Creation of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (5)
    See also Journal Article Deposit Insurance and Depositor Monitoring: Quasi‐Experimental Evidence from the Creation of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing (2023) View citations (1) (2023)

2016

14. In the Eye of a Storm: Manhattan's Money Center Banks during the International Financial Crisis of 1931
    Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond View citations (1)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2011) View citations (5)
    See also Journal Article In the eye of a Storm: Manhattan's money center banks during the international financial crisis of 1931, Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier (2018) View citations (2) (2018)
15. Liquidity Risk, Bank Networks, and the Value of Joining the Federal Reserve System
    Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond View citations (3)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2015) View citations (11)
    Working Papers, Office of Financial Research, US Department of the Treasury (2015) View citations (2)
    See also Journal Article Liquidity Risk, Bank Networks, and the Value of Joining the Federal Reserve System, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing (2018) View citations (21) (2018)
16. Money, Banking, and Monetary Policy from the Formation of the Federal Reserve until Today
    Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond View citations (2)
17. Network Contagion and Interbank Amplification during the Great Depression
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (8)
    Also in Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond (2016) View citations (5)
    CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers (2016) View citations (10)
    See also Journal Article Network Contagion and Interbank Amplification during the Great Depression, Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press (2019) View citations (48) (2019)
18. Relationship Lending and the Great Depression
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (4)
    See also Journal Article Relationship Lending and the Great Depression, The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press (2021) View citations (4) (2021)

2014

19. Mutual Assistance between Federal Reserve Banks, 1913-1960 as Prolegomena to the TARGET2 Debate
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (8)
    Also in Working Paper Series, European Central Bank (2014) View citations (7)
    See also Journal Article Mutual Assistance between Federal Reserve Banks: 1913–1960 as Prolegomena to the TARGET2 Debate, The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press (2015) (2015)

2013

20. Does "Skin in the Game" Reduce Risk Taking? Leverage, Liability and the Long-Run Consequences of New Deal Banking Reforms
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (16)
    See also Journal Article Does “skin in the game” reduce risk taking? Leverage, liability and the long-run consequences of new deal banking reforms, Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier (2013) View citations (11) (2013)
    Chapter Does "Skin in the Game" Reduce Risk Taking? Leverage, Liability, and the Long-run Consequences of the New Deal Banking Reforms, NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2012) View citations (1) (2012)
21. Does “Skin in the Game” Reduce Risk Taking? Leverage, Liability and the Long-Run Consequences of New Deal Financial Reforms
    CAGE Online Working Paper Series, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE) View citations (6)

2011

22. A Brief History of Regulations Regarding Financial Markets in the United States: 1789 to 2009
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (17)
23. Business Failures by Industry in the United States, 1895 to 1939: A Statistical History
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (4)

2010

24. Arresting Banking Panics: Fed Liquidity Provision and the Forgotten Panic of 1929
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (7)
25. Property Rights and Parliament in Industrializing Britain
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
    See also Journal Article Property Rights and Parliament in Industrializing Britain, Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press (2011) View citations (28) (2011)
26. Retail Trade by Federal Reserve District, 1919 to 1939: A Statistical History
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)
    See also Chapter Retail Trade by Federal Reserve District, 1919 to 1939: A Statistical History, Research in Economic History, Emerald Group Publishing Limited (2012) (2012)
27. Stopping Suicide Attacks: Optimal Strategies and Unintended Consequences
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)
    See also Journal Article Stopping Suicide Attacks: Optimal Strategies and Unintended Consequences, Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals (2012) View citations (5) (2012)

2008

28. Brand Names Before the Industrial Revolution
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (4)
    Also in Working Papers, California Irvine - School of Social Sciences (2000) View citations (5)
29. Estate Acts, 1600 to 1830: A New Source for British History
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (2)
    See also Chapter Estate acts, 1600–1830: A new source for British history, Research in Economic History, Emerald Group Publishing Limited (2010) (2010)
30. Institutional Adaptability and Economic Development: The Property Rights Revolution in Britain, 1700 to 1830
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (13)
31. Intensified Regulatory Scrutiny and Bank Distress in New York City During the Great Depression
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (6)
    See also Journal Article Intensified Regulatory Scrutiny and Bank Distress in New York City During the Great Depression, The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press (2009) View citations (20) (2009)
32. Making Property Productive: Reorganizing Rights to Real and Equitable Estates in Britain, 1660 to 1830
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (5)
    See also Journal Article Making property productive: reorganizing rights to real and equitable estates in Britain, 1660–1830, European Review of Economic History, Cambridge University Press (2009) View citations (22) (2009)
33. Religion, Longevity, and Cooperation: The Case of the Craft Guild
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (2)
    See also Journal Article Religion, longevity, and cooperation: The case of the craft guild, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier (2009) View citations (29) (2009)

2007

34. Fetters of Debt, Deposit, or Gold during the Great Depression? The International Propagation of the Banking Crisis of 1931
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)
    See also Journal Article Fetters of Debt, Deposit, or Gold during the Great Depression? The International Propagation of the Banking Crisis of 1931, Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook, De Gruyter (2011) (2011)

2006

35. A Comment Concerning Deposit Insurance and Moral Hazard
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
36. Bank Distress During the Great Contraction, 1929 to 1933, New Data from the Archives of the Board of Governors
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (5)
37. Bank Distress during the Great Depression: The Illiquidity-Insolvency Debate Revisited
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)
38. Correspondent Clearing and the Banking Panics of the Great Depression
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (4)
39. Deposit Insurance and the Composition of Bank Suspensions in Developing Economies: Lessons from the State Deposit Insurance Experiments of the 1920S
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)
40. Deposit lending mitigated banking panics during the great contraction: from Federal Reserve districts borders 1929 10 1933
    Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago
41. Law and economic development in England: new evidence from acts of Parliament, 1510-1850
    Working Papers, Economic History Society
42. Monetary Intervention Mitigated Banking Panics During the Great Depression: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from the Federal Reserve District Border in Mississippi, 1929 to 1933
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (11)
43. Quarterly Data on the Categories and Causes of Bank Distress During the Great Depression
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (10)

2000

44. A Tale of Two Theories: Monopolies and Craft Guilds in Medieval England and Modern Imagination
    Working Papers, California Irvine - School of Social Sciences
    See also Journal Article A Tale of Two Theories: Monopolies and Craft Guilds in Medieval England and Modern Imagination, Journal of the History of Economic Thought, Cambridge University Press (2001) View citations (10) (2001)
45. Did Manufacturing Guilds Monopolize Markets in Medieval England?
    Working Papers, California Irvine - School of Social Sciences
46. Industrial Organization's Early Years: Connections Between Social and Economics Changes
    Working Papers, California Irvine - School of Social Sciences
47. The Legal Structure of Markets for Manufactures in Medieval England
    Working Papers, California Irvine - School of Social Sciences

1999

48. The Prudent Village: A Corroboration of Kimball's Conjecture
    Working Papers, California Irvine - School of Social Sciences

Journal Articles

2024

1. Contagion of fear: Panics, money, and the Great Depression
   Explorations in Economic History, 2024, 93, (C)
2. Independent regulators and financial stability evidence from gubernatorial election campaigns in the Progressive Era
   Journal of Financial Economics, 2024, 152, (C)

2023

3. Deposit Insurance and Depositor Monitoring: Quasi‐Experimental Evidence from the Creation of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
   Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 2023, 55, (2-3), 441-464 View citations (1)
   See also Working Paper Deposit Insurance and Depositor Monitoring: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from the Creation of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, NBER Working Papers (2017) View citations (5) (2017)

2021

4. Relationship Lending and the Great Depression
   The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2021, 103, (3), 505-520 View citations (4)
   See also Working Paper Relationship Lending and the Great Depression, NBER Working Papers (2016) View citations (4) (2016)

2020

5. The Macroeconomic Fallout of Shutting Down the Banking System
   Economic Review, 2020, v.105, (no.2), 31-45 View citations (1)

2019

6. Network Contagion and Interbank Amplification during the Great Depression
   Journal of Political Economy, 2019, 127, (2), 465 - 507 View citations (48)
   See also Working Paper Network Contagion and Interbank Amplification during the Great Depression, NBER Working Papers (2016) View citations (8) (2016)

2018

7. In the eye of a Storm: Manhattan's money center banks during the international financial crisis of 1931
   Explorations in Economic History, 2018, 68, (C), 71-94 View citations (2)
   See also Working Paper In the Eye of a Storm: Manhattan's Money Center Banks during the International Financial Crisis of 1931, Working Paper (2016) View citations (1) (2016)
8. Liquidity Risk, Bank Networks, and the Value of Joining the Federal Reserve System
   Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 2018, 50, (1), 173-201 View citations (21)
   See also Working Paper Liquidity Risk, Bank Networks, and the Value of Joining the Federal Reserve System, Working Paper (2016) View citations (3) (2016)

2016

9. Bank Leverage and Regulatory Regimes: Evidence from the Great Depression and Great Recession
   American Economic Review, 2016, 106, (5), 538-42 View citations (10)
10. The Cost of Fed Membership
    Richmond Fed Economic Brief, 2016, (Feb)
11. Whom Do the Federal Reserve Bank Boards Serve?
    Richmond Fed Economic Brief, 2016, (August)

2015

12. Mutual Assistance between Federal Reserve Banks: 1913–1960 as Prolegomena to the TARGET2 Debate
    The Journal of Economic History, 2015, 75, (3), 621-659
    See also Working Paper Mutual Assistance between Federal Reserve Banks, 1913-1960 as Prolegomena to the TARGET2 Debate, NBER Working Papers (2014) View citations (8) (2014)

2013

13. Barry Eichengreen, Exorbitant Privilege. The Rise and Fall of the Dollar and the Future of the International Monetary System Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010, 224 pages, ISBN: 780-199753789
    OEconomia, 2013, 2013, (02), 337-344
14. Does “skin in the game” reduce risk taking? Leverage, liability and the long-run consequences of new deal banking reforms
    Explorations in Economic History, 2013, 50, (4), 508-525 View citations (11)
    See also Chapter Does "Skin in the Game" Reduce Risk Taking? Leverage, Liability, and the Long-run Consequences of the New Deal Banking Reforms, NBER Chapters, 2012 (2012) View citations (1) (2012)
    Working Paper Does "Skin in the Game" Reduce Risk Taking? Leverage, Liability and the Long-Run Consequences of New Deal Banking Reforms, NBER Working Papers (2013) View citations (16) (2013)
15. Shadowy Banks and Financial Contagion during the Great Depression: A Retrospective on Friedman and Schwartz
    American Economic Review, 2013, 103, (3), 73-78 View citations (13)

2012

16. Stopping Suicide Attacks: Optimal Strategies and Unintended Consequences
    Defence and Peace Economics, 2012, 23, (5), 413-429 View citations (5)
    See also Working Paper Stopping Suicide Attacks: Optimal Strategies and Unintended Consequences, NBER Working Papers (2010) View citations (1) (2010)

2011

17. Arresting Banking Panics: Federal Reserve Liquidity Provision and the Forgotten Panic of 1929
    Journal of Political Economy, 2011, 119, (5), 889 - 924 View citations (46)
18. Fetters of Debt, Deposit, or Gold during the Great Depression? The International Propagation of the Banking Crisis of 1931
    Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook, 2011, 52, (2), 29-54
    Also in Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook, 2011, 52, (2), 29-54 (2011)
    See also Working Paper Fetters of Debt, Deposit, or Gold during the Great Depression? The International Propagation of the Banking Crisis of 1931, NBER Working Papers (2007) View citations (1) (2007)
19. Property Rights and Parliament in Industrializing Britain
    Journal of Law and Economics, 2011, 54, (2), 241 - 274 View citations (28)
    See also Working Paper Property Rights and Parliament in Industrializing Britain, NBER Working Papers (2010) (2010)

2009

20. Intensified Regulatory Scrutiny and Bank Distress in New York City During the Great Depression
    The Journal of Economic History, 2009, 69, (2), 446-465 View citations (20)
    See also Working Paper Intensified Regulatory Scrutiny and Bank Distress in New York City During the Great Depression, NBER Working Papers (2008) View citations (6) (2008)
21. Making property productive: reorganizing rights to real and equitable estates in Britain, 1660–1830
    European Review of Economic History, 2009, 13, (1), 3-30 View citations (22)
    See also Working Paper Making Property Productive: Reorganizing Rights to Real and Equitable Estates in Britain, 1660 to 1830, NBER Working Papers (2008) View citations (5) (2008)
22. Monetary Intervention Mitigated Banking Panics during the Great Depression: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from a Federal Reserve District Border, 1929-1933
    Journal of Political Economy, 2009, 117, (6), 1031-1073 View citations (127)
23. Religion, longevity, and cooperation: The case of the craft guild
    Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2009, 71, (2), 172-186 View citations (29)
    See also Working Paper Religion, Longevity, and Cooperation: The Case of the Craft Guild, NBER Working Papers (2008) View citations (2) (2008)
24. The Truth about Redistribution: Republicans Receive, Democrats Disburse
    The Economists' Voice, 2009, 6, (10), 5

2007

25. Categories and causes of bank distress during the great depression, 1929-1933: The illiquidity versus insolvency debate revisited
    Explorations in Economic History, 2007, 44, (4), 588-607 View citations (33)
26. Deposit Insurance and Moral Hazard: Capital, Risk, Malfeasance, and Mismanagement
    Econ Journal Watch, 2007, 4, (3), 296-302
27. The Check is in the Mail: Correspondent Clearing and the Collapse of the Banking System, 1930 to 1933
    The Journal of Economic History, 2007, 67, (3), 643-671 View citations (16)

2006

28. Deposit Insurance Altered the Composition of Bank Suspensions during the 1920s: Evidence from the Archives of the Board of Governors
    The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 2006, 5, (1), 44 View citations (9)
    Also in The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 2006, 5, (1), 44 (2006)

2005

29. Craft Guilds and Christianity in Late-Medieval England
    Rationality and Society, 2005, 17, (2), 139-189 View citations (18)
30. The Origins of Anti-Immigrant Sentiments: Evidence from the Heartland in the Age of Mass Migration
    The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 2005, 5, (1), 48 View citations (7)
31. The Prudent Village: Risk Pooling Institutions in Medieval English Agriculture
    The Journal of Economic History, 2005, 65, (2), 386-413 View citations (25)

2004

32. Guilds, laws, and markets for manufactured merchandise in late-medieval England
    Explorations in Economic History, 2004, 41, (1), 1-25 View citations (14)

2001

33. A Tale of Two Theories: Monopolies and Craft Guilds in Medieval England and Modern Imagination
    Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 2001, 23, (2), 217-242 View citations (10)
    See also Working Paper A Tale of Two Theories: Monopolies and Craft Guilds in Medieval England and Modern Imagination, Working Papers (2000) (2000)

1998

34. The Artisan and the European Town, 1500–1900. Edited by Geoffrey Crossick. Aldershot: Scolar Press, 1997, Pp. xv, 263. $76.95
    The Journal of Economic History, 1998, 58, (4), 1128-1129

1994

35. The Industrial Revolution: A Macroeconomic Interpretation. By Douglas Fisher. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993. Pp. xiv, 313. $75.00
    The Journal of Economic History, 1994, 54, (1), 201-202

Chapters

2012

1. Does "Skin in the Game" Reduce Risk Taking? Leverage, Liability, and the Long-run Consequences of the New Deal Banking Reforms
   A chapter in The Microeconomics of New Deal Policy, 2012 View citations (1)
   See also Journal Article Does “skin in the game” reduce risk taking? Leverage, liability and the long-run consequences of new deal banking reforms, Elsevier (2013) View citations (11) (2013)
   Working Paper Does "Skin in the Game" Reduce Risk Taking? Leverage, Liability and the Long-Run Consequences of New Deal Banking Reforms, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2013) View citations (16) (2013)
2. Retail Trade by Federal Reserve District, 1919 to 1939: A Statistical History
   A chapter in Research in Economic History, 2012, pp 151-231
   See also Working Paper Retail Trade by Federal Reserve District, 1919 to 1939: A Statistical History, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2010) View citations (1) (2010)

2010

3. Estate acts, 1600–1830: A new source for British history
   A chapter in Research in Economic History, 2010, pp 1-50
   See also Working Paper Estate Acts, 1600 to 1830: A New Source for British History, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2008) View citations (2) (2008)

2007

4. Quarterly data on the categories and causes of bank distress during the Great Depression, 1929–1933
   A chapter in Research in Economic History, 2007, pp 69-147