Details about Heidi L. Williams

Access statistics for papers by Heidi L. Williams.

Last updated 2024-03-06. Update your information in the RePEc Author Service.

Short-id: pwi239

Working Papers

2025

1. Dynamic Scoring: A Progress Report on Why, When, and How
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
2. Estimating the Economic and Budgetary Effects of Research Investments
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
   See also Chapter Estimating the Economic and Budgetary Effects of Research Investments, NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2024) (2024)

2024

3. The Wandering Scholars: Understanding the Heterogeneity of University Commercialization
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

2023

4. Accelerating Innovation Ecosystems: The Promise and Challenges of Regional Innovation Engines
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
   See also Journal Article Accelerating Innovation Ecosystems: The Promise and Challenges of Regional Innovation Engines, Entrepreneurship and Innovation Policy and the Economy, University of Chicago Press (2024) (2024)
   Chapter Accelerating Innovation Ecosystems: The Promise and Challenges of Regional Innovation Engines, NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2023) (2023)

2022

5. Representation and Extrapolation: Evidence from Clinical Trials
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)
6. Targeting Precision Medicine: Evidence from Prenatal Screening
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
7. The NBER Orange Book Dataset: A User’s Guide
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
   See also Journal Article The NBER Orange Book Dataset: A user’s guide, Research Policy, Elsevier (2023) View citations (4) (2023)
8. What Drives Risky Prescription Opioid Use? Evidence from Migration
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (5)

2021

9. Innovation: Market Failures and Public Policies
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (9)
10. Private and Public Investments in Biomedical Research
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
    See also Journal Article Private and Public Investments in Biomedical Research, AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association (2021) (2021)

2020

11. Optimal Subsidies for Prevention of Infectious Disease
    CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers View citations (1)
12. Optimal Vaccine Subsidies for Endemic and Epidemic Diseases
    Working Papers, Becker Friedman Institute for Research In Economics View citations (8)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2020) View citations (8)

2019

13. A toolkit of policies to promote innovation
    CEP Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE View citations (210)
    Also in LSE Research Online Documents on Economics, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library (2019) View citations (143)
    See also Journal Article A Toolkit of Policies to Promote Innovation, Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association (2019) View citations (210) (2019)
14. Place-Based Drivers of Mortality: Evidence from Migration
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (32)
    See also Journal Article Place-Based Drivers of Mortality: Evidence from Migration, American Economic Review, American Economic Association (2021) View citations (26) (2021)
15. Screening and Selection: The Case of Mammograms
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (4)
    See also Journal Article Screening and Selection: The Case of Mammograms, American Economic Review, American Economic Association (2020) View citations (16) (2020)
16. The More We Die, The More We Sell? A Simple Test of the Home-Market Effect*
    Post-Print, HAL View citations (5)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2016) View citations (14)
    Working Papers, HAL (2016) View citations (15)
    See also Journal Article The More We Die, The More We Sell? A Simple Test of the Home-Market Effect, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College (2019) View citations (37) (2019)

2018

17. Who Profits from Patents? Rent-Sharing at Innovative Firms
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (35)
    Also in Institute for Research on Labor and Employment, Working Paper Series, Institute of Industrial Relations, UC Berkeley (2017) View citations (25)
    See also Journal Article Who Profits from Patents? Rent-Sharing at Innovative Firms, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College (2019) View citations (119) (2019)

2017

18. How Do Patents Affect Research Investments?
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (39)
    See also Journal Article How Do Patents Affect Research Investments?, Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews (2017) View citations (42) (2017)
19. Is American Health Care Uniquely Inefficient? Evidence from Prescription Drugs
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (5)
    Also in Post-Print, HAL (2016) View citations (2)
    Post-Print, HAL (2017) View citations (4)
    See also Journal Article Is American Health Care Uniquely Inefficient? Evidence from Prescription Drugs, American Economic Review, American Economic Association (2017) View citations (5) (2017)

2016

20. Patents and Research Investments: Assessing the Empirical Evidence
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (25)
    See also Journal Article Patents and Research Investments: Assessing the Empirical Evidence, American Economic Review, American Economic Association (2016) View citations (25) (2016)

2015

21. How Do Patents Affect Follow-On Innovation? Evidence from the Human Genome
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (29)
    See also Journal Article How Do Patents Affect Follow-On Innovation? Evidence from the Human Genome, American Economic Review, American Economic Association (2019) View citations (113) (2019)
22. Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation: Evidence from Health Care Markets
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (6)
    See also Journal Article Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation: Evidence from Health Care Markets, Innovation Policy and the Economy, University of Chicago Press (2016) View citations (6) (2016)
    Chapter Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation: Evidence from Health Care Markets, NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2015) View citations (5) (2015)

2014

23. Paying on the Margin for Medical Care: Evidence from Breast Cancer Treatments
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
    Also in Discussion Papers, Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (2014)
    See also Journal Article Paying on the Margin for Medical Care: Evidence from Breast Cancer Treatments, American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association (2016) View citations (13) (2016)
24. Sources of Geographic Variation in Health Care: Evidence from Patient Migration
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (13)
    See also Journal Article Sources of Geographic Variation in Health Care: Evidence From PatientMigration, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College (2016) View citations (189) (2016)
25. Why is Infant Mortality Higher in the US than in Europe?
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (15)

2013

26. Do firms underinvest in long-term research? Evidence from cancer clinical trials
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (5)
    See also Journal Article Do Firms Underinvest in Long-Term Research? Evidence from Cancer Clinical Trials, American Economic Review, American Economic Association (2015) View citations (84) (2015)
27. Do fixed patent terms distort innovation? Evidence from cancer clinical trials
    Discussion Papers, Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research View citations (16)

2010

28. Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation: Evidence from the Human Genome
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (24)
    See also Journal Article Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation: Evidence from the Human Genome, Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press (2013) View citations (174) (2013)

2008

29. Estimating Marginal Returns to Medical Care: Evidence from At-Risk Newborns
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (7)
    See also Journal Article Estimating Marginal Returns to Medical Care: Evidence from At-risk Newborns, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College (2010) View citations (170) (2010)

2006

30. Advance Market Commitments for Vaccines Against Neglected Diseases: Estimating Costs and Effectiveness
    CID Working Papers, Center for International Development at Harvard University View citations (3)
    See also Journal Article Advance market commitments for vaccines against neglected diseases: estimating costs and effectiveness, Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (2007) View citations (35) (2007)
31. Advance Market Commitments for Vaccines Working Paper and Spread Sheet
    Working Papers, Center for Global Development View citations (1)

2005

32. Advanced Purchase Commitments for a Malaria Vaccine: Estimating Costs and Effectiveness
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
    Also in LSE Research Online Documents on Economics, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library (2005)

Journal Articles

2024

1. Accelerating Innovation Ecosystems: The Promise and Challenges of Regional Innovation Engines
   Entrepreneurship and Innovation Policy and the Economy, 2024, 3, (1), 9 - 75
   See also Chapter Accelerating Innovation Ecosystems: The Promise and Challenges of Regional Innovation Engines, NBER Chapters, 2023, 9-75 (2023) (2023)
   Working Paper Accelerating Innovation Ecosystems: The Promise and Challenges of Regional Innovation Engines, NBER Working Papers (2023) (2023)

2023

2. Report of the Editor, Journal of Economic Perspectives
   AEA Papers and Proceedings, 2023, 113, 733-35
   Also in AEA Papers and Proceedings, 2022, 112, 699-701 (2022)
3. The NBER Orange Book Dataset: A user’s guide
   Research Policy, 2023, 52, (7) View citations (4)
   See also Working Paper The NBER Orange Book Dataset: A User’s Guide, NBER Working Papers (2022) (2022)
4. Want to speed up scientific progress? First understand how science policy works
   Nature, 2023, 620, (7975), 724-726 View citations (1)

2022

5. Optimal vaccine subsidies for endemic diseases
   International Journal of Industrial Organization, 2022, 84, (C) View citations (3)

2021

6. Place-Based Drivers of Mortality: Evidence from Migration
   American Economic Review, 2021, 111, (8), 2697-2735 View citations (26)
   See also Working Paper Place-Based Drivers of Mortality: Evidence from Migration, NBER Working Papers (2019) View citations (32) (2019)
7. Private and Public Investments in Biomedical Research
   AEA Papers and Proceedings, 2021, 111, 341-45
   See also Working Paper Private and Public Investments in Biomedical Research, NBER Working Papers (2021) (2021)

2020

8. Internalizing Externalities: Designing Effective Data Policies
   AEA Papers and Proceedings, 2020, 110, 49-54 View citations (2)
9. Screening and Selection: The Case of Mammograms
   American Economic Review, 2020, 110, (12), 3836-70 View citations (16)
   See also Working Paper Screening and Selection: The Case of Mammograms, NBER Working Papers (2019) View citations (4) (2019)

2019

10. A Toolkit of Policies to Promote Innovation
    Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2019, 33, (3), 163-84 View citations (210)
    Also in Voprosy Ekonomiki, 2019, (10) (2019) View citations (96)
    See also Working Paper A toolkit of policies to promote innovation, CEP Discussion Papers (2019) View citations (210) (2019)
11. How Do Patents Affect Follow-On Innovation? Evidence from the Human Genome
    American Economic Review, 2019, 109, (1), 203-36 View citations (113)
    See also Working Paper How Do Patents Affect Follow-On Innovation? Evidence from the Human Genome, NBER Working Papers (2015) View citations (29) (2015)
12. The More We Die, The More We Sell? A Simple Test of the Home-Market Effect
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2019, 134, (2), 843-894 View citations (37)
    See also Working Paper The More We Die, The More We Sell? A Simple Test of the Home-Market Effect*, Post-Print (2019) View citations (5) (2019)
13. Who Profits from Patents? Rent-Sharing at Innovative Firms
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2019, 134, (3), 1343-1404 View citations (119)
    See also Working Paper Who Profits from Patents? Rent-Sharing at Innovative Firms, NBER Working Papers (2018) View citations (35) (2018)

2017

14. How Do Patents Affect Research Investments?
    Annual Review of Economics, 2017, 9, (1), 441-469 View citations (42)
    See also Working Paper How Do Patents Affect Research Investments?, NBER Working Papers (2017) View citations (39) (2017)
15. Is American Health Care Uniquely Inefficient? Evidence from Prescription Drugs
    American Economic Review, 2017, 107, (5), 486-90 View citations (5)
    See also Working Paper Is American Health Care Uniquely Inefficient? Evidence from Prescription Drugs, NBER Working Papers (2017) View citations (5) (2017)

2016

16. Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation: Evidence from Health Care Markets
    Innovation Policy and the Economy, 2016, 16, (1), 53 - 87 View citations (6)
    See also Chapter Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation: Evidence from Health Care Markets, NBER Chapters, 2015, 53-87 (2015) View citations (5) (2015)
    Working Paper Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation: Evidence from Health Care Markets, NBER Working Papers (2015) View citations (6) (2015)
17. Patents and Research Investments: Assessing the Empirical Evidence
    American Economic Review, 2016, 106, (5), 183-87 View citations (25)
    See also Working Paper Patents and Research Investments: Assessing the Empirical Evidence, NBER Working Papers (2016) View citations (25) (2016)
18. Paying on the Margin for Medical Care: Evidence from Breast Cancer Treatments
    American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2016, 8, (1), 52-79 View citations (13)
    See also Working Paper Paying on the Margin for Medical Care: Evidence from Breast Cancer Treatments, NBER Working Papers (2014) (2014)
19. Sources of Geographic Variation in Health Care: Evidence From PatientMigration
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2016, 131, (4), 1681-1726 View citations (189)
    See also Working Paper Sources of Geographic Variation in Health Care: Evidence from Patient Migration, NBER Working Papers (2014) View citations (13) (2014)
20. Why Is Infant Mortality Higher in the United States Than in Europe?
    American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2016, 8, (2), 89-124 View citations (39)

2015

21. Do Firms Underinvest in Long-Term Research? Evidence from Cancer Clinical Trials
    American Economic Review, 2015, 105, (7), 2044-85 View citations (84)
    See also Working Paper Do firms underinvest in long-term research? Evidence from cancer clinical trials, NBER Working Papers (2013) View citations (5) (2013)

2013

22. Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation: Evidence from the Human Genome
    Journal of Political Economy, 2013, 121, (1), 1 - 27 View citations (174)
    See also Working Paper Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation: Evidence from the Human Genome, NBER Working Papers (2010) View citations (24) (2010)

2012

23. Innovation Inducement Prizes: Connecting Research to Policy
    Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2012, 31, (3), 752-776 View citations (32)

2011

24. The Role of Hospital Heterogeneity in Measuring Marginal Returns to Medical Care: A Reply to Barreca, Guldi, Lindo, and Waddell
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2011, 126, (4), 2125-2131 View citations (11)

2010

25. Estimating Marginal Returns to Medical Care: Evidence from At-risk Newborns
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2010, 125, (2), 591-634 View citations (170)
    See also Working Paper Estimating Marginal Returns to Medical Care: Evidence from At-Risk Newborns, NBER Working Papers (2008) View citations (7) (2008)
26. Incentivizing Innovation: Adding to the Tool Kit
    Innovation Policy and the Economy, 2010, 10, (1), 1 - 17 View citations (32)
    See also Chapter Incentivizing Innovation: Adding to the Tool Kit, NBER Chapters, 2010, 1-17 (2010) View citations (28) (2010)

2007

27. Advance market commitments for vaccines against neglected diseases: estimating costs and effectiveness
    Health Economics, 2007, 16, (5), 491-511 View citations (35)
    See also Working Paper Advance Market Commitments for Vaccines Against Neglected Diseases: Estimating Costs and Effectiveness, CID Working Papers (2006) View citations (3) (2006)

2006

28. Advance Market Commitments: A Policy to Stimulate Investment in Vaccines for Neglected Diseases
    The Economists' Voice, 2006, 3, (3), 6 View citations (4)
29. Creating Markets for Vaccines (Innovations Case Discussion: International AIDS Vaccine Initiative)
    Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization, 2006, 1, (1), 67-79 View citations (2)

Chapters

2024

1. Estimating the Economic and Budgetary Effects of Research Investments
   A chapter in Tax Policy and the Economy, Volume 39, 2024
   See also Working Paper Estimating the Economic and Budgetary Effects of Research Investments, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2025) (2025)

2023

2. Accelerating Innovation Ecosystems: The Promise and Challenges of Regional Innovation Engines
   A chapter in Entrepreneurship and Innovation Policy and the Economy, volume 3, 2023, pp 9-75
   See also Working Paper Accelerating Innovation Ecosystems: The Promise and Challenges of Regional Innovation Engines, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2023) (2023)
   Journal Article Accelerating Innovation Ecosystems: The Promise and Challenges of Regional Innovation Engines, University of Chicago Press (2024) (2024)

2015

3. Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation: Evidence from Health Care Markets
   A chapter in Innovation Policy and the Economy, Volume 16, 2015, pp 53-87 View citations (5)
   See also Working Paper Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation: Evidence from Health Care Markets, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2015) View citations (6) (2015)
   Journal Article Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation: Evidence from Health Care Markets, University of Chicago Press (2016) View citations (6) (2016)

2011

4. Comment on "Is Decentralized Iron Fortification a Feasible Option to Fight Anemia Among the Poorest?"
   A chapter in Explorations in the Economics of Aging, 2011, pp 345-350

2010

5. Comment on "Aging and Death under a Dollar a Day"
   A chapter in Research Findings in the Economics of Aging, 2010, pp 203-209
6. Comment on "Income, Aging, Health and Well-Being around the World: Evidence from the Gallup World Poll"
   A chapter in Research Findings in the Economics of Aging, 2010, pp 263-267
7. Incentivizing Innovation: Adding to the Tool Kit
   A chapter in Innovation Policy and the Economy, Volume 10, 2010, pp 1-17 View citations (28)
   See also Journal Article Incentivizing Innovation: Adding to the Tool Kit, University of Chicago Press (2010) View citations (32) (2010)