Is the Consumer Expenditure Survey representative by income?

Stephen Ash, Thesia Garner, John S. Greenlees, Steven W. Henderson, David Johnson, John Edward Sabelhaus () and David Swanson

No 2012-36, Finance and Economics Discussion Series from Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.)

Abstract: Aggregate under-reporting of household spending in the Consumer Expenditure Survey (CE) can result from two fundamental types of measurement errors: higher-income households (who presumably spend more than average) are under-represented in the CE estimation sample, or there is systematic under-reporting of spending by at least some CE survey respondents. Using a new data set linking CE units to zip-code level average Adjusted Gross Income (AGI), we show that the very highest-income households are less likely to respond to the survey when they are sampled, but unit non-response rates are not associated with income over most of the income distribution. Although increasing representation at the high end of the income distribution could in principle significantly raise aggregate CE spending, the low reported average propensity to spend for higher-income respondent households could account for at least as much of the aggregate shortfall in total spending.

Date: 2012
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Related works:
Chapter: Is the Consumer Expenditure Survey Representative by Income? (2014)
Working Paper: Is the Consumer Expenditure Survey Representative by Income? (2013)
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