Expenditure on al-Gharimin' (Persons under the Burden of Debt) and Its Impact on Social Security مصرف الغارمين وأثره في التكافل الإجتماعي

Rafic Yunus Al-Masri ()
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Rafic Yunus Al-Masri: Islamic Economics Research Center King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, 2005, vol. 18, issue 1, 3-27

Abstract: Sometimes it is said that Almighty Allah has allocated two shares to the poor and needy in zakah expenditure, so why He assigns to an indebted person (al-gharim) another expenditure because such a person is already a poor? A Question is also raised: Why ‘the indebted’ has not been mentioned with ‘the poor and needy’ while he is nearest to them? This category has been mentioned after so many heads of expenditure of zakah: ‘those who work for it’, ‘those whose hearts are to be reconciled’ and ‘the captives’. There are eight heads of expenditure of zakah’ four of them are listed with preposition ‘li’ (for), such as “li’l-fuqara’” (for the poor), while four others have been mentioned with preposition ‘fi’ (in) such as “fi’l-riqab” (in the captives). ‘The poor’ came in the group of ‘li’ and the indebted in the group of ‘fi’. Again, what is the meaning of al-gharim (the indebted)? Does it mean every person under the debt burden or the poor indebted only? Is it confined to the indebted borrower only, or it also covers the guarantor and sponsor? who becomes indebted? Is it stipulated here that the person under the debt burden should be the one who borrows to repay his debt or is it not a condition? Is it confined to the living indebted or will it also include the dead one? Whether the person under the debt will be paid from zakah (and the amount will be collected by his creditor, the lender) even his creditor is a rich person? Whether the person under debt will be given from zakah, even he is indebted in a commercial loan, or needy loan? These and some other questions have been addressed in this paper. قد يقال إن الله سبحانه وتعالى خصص للفقراء والمساكين مصرفين من مصارف الزكاة، فلماذا يخصص للغارمين ( المدينين) مصرفاً آخر ، مع أن الغارمين هم فقراء من باب أولى؟ وقد يقال أيضاً: بما أن الغارمين هم أقرب إلى الفقراء والمساكين، فلماذا لم يرد ذكرهم معهم، أو بالقرب منهم؟ فقد ورد ذكرهم بعد عدد من مصارف الزكاة: العاملين عليها، والمؤلفة قلوبهم، والرقاب. ومصارف الزكاة ثمانية: أربعة منها جاءت بحرف الجر اللام : [للفقراء] والأربعة الأخرى جاءت بحرف الجر في : [ في الرقاب ] ، فالفقراء جاؤوا في زمرة اللام، والغارمون في زمرة في . ثم ما معنى الغارم؟ هل هو كل مدين أم هو المدين الفقير فقط؟ هل يقتصر معنى الغارم على المدين، أم يشمل كذلك : الضامن أو الكفيل الذي يغرم؟ هل يشترط أن يون الغارم هنا هو الذي يستدين لوفاء غرمه أم لا يشترط؟ هل الغارم يقتصر على المدين الحي أم يمكن أن يشمل المدين الميت أيضاً؟ هل يعطى الغارم من الزكاة ( والمبلغ يذهب إلى غريمه: دائنه)، حتى لو كان الدائن غنياً؟ هل يعطى الغارم من الزكاة، حتى لو كان مدينا بدين تجاري، أم يعطى فقط إذا كان مدينا بقرض أو دين استهلاكي ضروري أو حاجي؟

Date: 2005
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:abd:kauiea:v:18:y:2005:i:1:no:6:p:3-27

DOI: 10.4197/islec.18-1.6

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