Blue Economy and Sustainable Development: the Problem of Latin America (Using Brazil as an Example)

L. V. Shkvarya () and D. V. Poglid ()

International Trade and Trade Policy, 2026, vol. 12, issue 3

Abstract: The paper examines the opportunities and constraints of blue economy development in Latin America using Brazil as a case study. Its purpose is to assess whether the expansion of ocean based economic activities in Brazil is consistent with sustainable development objectives.  The object is the country’s maritime and coastal economy. The subject is the relationship between its economic growth and the requirements of sustainable development.  The information base consists of data from ANTAQ, IBGE, MPA, ANP, MMA, IBAMA, MME, BNDES, ECLAC, and the World Bank. The study applies comparative, structural and dynamic analysis and calculates growth rates and sectoral shares using official data available as of  17 August 2026. Brazilian port throughput increased by about 15,3% between 2021 and 2025; farmed fish output rose by 31,3% between 2020 and 2024, while farmed shrimp production more than doubled. At the same time, the country’s ocean economy remains strongly linked to commodity flows and offshore hydrocarbons: in May 2026 offshore fields accounted for 98,1% of oil production and 88,9% of natural gas production. Brazil is also building an institutional framework for energy transition: offshore wind technical potential is estimated at approximately 1,2 TW, and the legal and methodological framework for selecting offshore areas was strengthened in 2025–2026. The main conclusion is that the central challenge is not merely to increase ocean-based output, but to coordinate port, fisheries, energy and conservation policies through marine spatial planning, reliable statistics and ecosystem-based constraints.Â

Date: 2026
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:acl:journl:y:2026:id:937

DOI: 10.21686/2410-7395-2026-3-244-264

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