A Multilevel Simultaneous Equations Modelling Approach to Investigate the Relationship between Poverty and Labour-Force Participation among the Elderly in Egypt

Hend Gabr, Fiona Carmichael and Hui Li
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Hend Gabr: Faculty of Commerce, Menufia University, Egypt
Fiona Carmichael: Birmingham Business School, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
Hui Li: School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom

International Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources, 2019, vol. 22, issue 1, 01-12

Abstract: In this study, we explore the effect of participation in the labour force on poverty among older people while addressing the issues of endogeneity and the hierarchical structure in the Egyptian household survey data. The households are nested within governorates, which results in dependency among those within the same governorate. We also find that the endogeneity is caused by a simultaneous relationship between poverty and participation in the labour force. A multilevel simultaneous equations model is implemented, and the results support the hypothesis that participating in the labour force has a significant effect on reducing older peoples poverty.

Keywords: earth and environment journals; environment journals; open access environment journals; peer reviewed environmental journals; open access; juniper publishers; ournal of Environmental Sciences; juniper publishers journals; juniper publishers reivew (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:adp:ijesnr:v:22:y:2019:i:1:p:01-12

DOI: 10.19080/IJESNR.2019.22.556076

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