Why Are Indian Children So Short? The Role of Birth Order and Son Preference

Seema Jayachandran and Rohini Pande

American Economic Review, 2017, vol. 107, issue 9, 2600-2629

Abstract: Child stunting in India exceeds that in poorer regions like sub-Saharan Africa. Data on over 168,000 children show that, relative to Africa, India's height disadvantage increases sharply with birth order. We posit that India's steep birth order gradient is due to favoritism toward eldest sons, which affects parents' fertility decisions and resource allocation across children. We show that, within India, the gradient is steeper for high-son-preference regions and religions. The gradient also varies with sibling gender as predicted. A back-of-the-envelope calculation suggests that India's steeper birth order gradient can explain over one-half of the India-Africa gap in average child height.

JEL-codes: I12 J13 O15 Z12 Z13 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
Note: DOI: 10.1257/aer.20151282
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (174)

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