Wealth Inequality, Aggregate Consumption, and Macroeconomic Trends under Incomplete Markets

Byoungchan Lee

American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 2025, vol. 17, issue 1, 414-42

Abstract: I construct an incomplete market model featuring a closed-form expression for optimal consumption. In the model, individual consumption is an isoelastic function of wealth, inclusive of income, yielding partial consumption smoothing based on borrowing and lending in response to income shocks. I show that the model replicates several empirical characteristics of inequality in consumption, income, and wealth and their dynamics at the individual level. Using the model, I show that the rising wealth inequality since the 1980s, induced by an increase in idiosyncratic income risk, has substantially contributed to trend-level changes in real interest rates, capital-to-income ratios, and consumption-to-wealth ratios.

JEL-codes: D31 D52 E21 E43 G51 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1257/mac.20210490

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