Time for Growth

Lars Boerner and Battista Severgnini

American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 2026, vol. 18, issue 2, 523-60

Abstract: This paper investigates the adoption, diffusion, and long-run impact of the public mechanical clock, one of the most important high-technology machines in history, on European economic growth and development. We avoid endogeneity by considering the relationship between the adoption of such clocks and an instrumental variable based on the appearance of repeated solar eclipses. Solar eclipses triggered a medieval cultural movement in which people sought to understand the motion of stars and clocks, which resulted in astronomic instruments and symbols of prestige. We find a significant increase in population, especially between 1500 and 1700, in early adopter cities.

JEL-codes: J11 N13 N33 N73 O31 O33 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
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Related works:
Working Paper: Time for Growth (2019)
Working Paper: Time for growth (2015)
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DOI: 10.1257/mac.20230039

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