AEA Papers and Proceedings

2018 - 2025

Current editor(s): William Johnson and Kelly Markel

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Volume 115, month May, 2025

Foreword pp. xi-xii

Lawrence Katz

Editors' Introduction pp. xiii-xiii

William R. Johnson and Tina Lippert

Economics in the Age of Algorithms pp. 1-23

Sendhil Mullainathan

Robot Hubs and the Use of Robotics in US Manufacturing Establishments pp. 24-28

Erik Brynjolfsson, Catherine Buffington, Nathan Goldschlag, J. Frank Li, Javier Miranda and Robert Seamans

Local Heterogeneity in Artificial Intelligence Jobs over Time and Space pp. 29-34

Lefteris Andreadis, Eleni Kalotychou, Manolis Chatzikonstantinou, Christodoulos Louca and Christos A. Makridis

Artificial Intelligence Makes Firm Operating Performance Less Volatile pp. 35-39

Tania Babina, Anastassia Fedyk, Alex He and James Hodson

Patterns of Artificial Intelligence Adoption by Hospitals pp. 40-45

Avi Goldfarb, Xianda (Henry) He and Florenta Teodoridis

AI and Women's Employment in Europe pp. 46-50

Stefania Albanesi, António Dias da Silva, Juan F. Jimeno, Ana Lamo and Alena Wabitsch

Extending "GPTs Are GPTs" to Firms pp. 51-55

Benjamin Labaschin, Tyna Eloundou, Sam Manning, Pamela Mishkin and Daniel Rock

A Gender Lens on Labor Market Exposure to AI pp. 56-61

Mauro Cazzaniga, Augustus Panton, Longji Li, Carlo Pizzinelli and Marina M. Tavares

How Different Uses of AI Shape Labor Demand: Evidence from France pp. 62-67

Philippe Aghion, Simon Bunel, Xavier Jaravel, Thomas Mikaelsen, Alexandra Roulet and Jakob Søgaard

Economic Measurement Lost in a Random Forest? A Case Study of Employment Data pp. 68-72

Abe Dunn, Eric English, Kyle Hood, Lowell Mason and Brian Quistorff

From Online Job Postings to Economic Insights: A Machine Learning Approach to Structuring Naturally Occurring Data pp. 73-78

Tatjana Dahlhaus, Reinhard Ellwanger, Gabriela Galassi and Pierre-Yves Yanni

Nowcasting Distributional National Accounts for the United States: A Machine Learning Approach pp. 79-84

Gary Cornwall and Marina Gindelsky

The Effect of Emergency Financial Assistance on Mobility, SNAP Receipt, and Presence of Dependents pp. 85-89

Daniel Hungerman, David Phillips, Kevin Rinz, James X. Sullivan and David N. Wasser

Unhoused and Mismeasured: The Accuracy of Surveys of Those Experiencing Homelessness pp. 90-95

Bruce D. Meyer, Angela Wyse, Gillian Meyer, Alexa Grunwaldt and Derek Wu

Universal Access to Counsel, Housing Court Filings, and Child Mental Health: Evidence from New York City pp. 96-102

Mike Cassidy, Janet Currie, Sherry Glied and Renata E. Howland

Labor Market Attachment and Perceived Barriers to Work among Homeless Families pp. 103-07

Nour Abdul-Razzak, John Humphries, Stephen Stapleton and Winnie van Dijk

Head Start Access: No Evidence of Changes to Lifetime Fertility pp. 108-13

Esra Kose, Siobhan O'Keefe and Maria Rosales-Rueda

Explaining Variation in Child SSI Receipt: The Role of Medical CDRs pp. 114-19

Jeffrey Hemmeter, Michael Levere and David Wittenburg

What Is the Value of the Child and Dependent Care Credit? pp. 120-25

Gabrielle Pepin

Does Old-Age Social Security Help Children? The Impact of Social Security on Grandchild Resources pp. 126-31

Lucie Schmidt, Lara Shore-Sheppard and Tara Watson

Cross-Gender Social Ties around the World pp. 132-38

Michael Bailey, Drew Johnston, Theresa Kuchler, Ayush Kumar and Johannes Stroebel

Workplace Segregation between College and Noncollege Workers pp. 139-45

Francis Dillon, Edward L. Glaeser and William Kerr

ESG Is the Most Polarizing Nonwage Amenity: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Brazil pp. 146-52

Emanuele Colonnelli, Tim McQuade, Gabriel Ramos, Thomas Rauter and Olivia Xiong

HANK: A New Core of Usable Macroeconomics pp. 153-57

Adrien Auclert

Practical Stabilization Policy in the Twenty-First Century pp. 158-62

Martin Eichenbaum

The Evolving Core of Usable Macroeconomics for Policymakers pp. 163-67

Jonas Fisher, Bart Hobijn and Alessandro T. Villa

Heterogeneous Agent Models pp. 168-71

Ayşe İmrohoroğlu

Trade Policy Uncertainty and the Labor Market: State-Level Evidence pp. 172-76

Céline Poilly and Fabien Tripier

How Do Firms in Different Sectors Organize Their Supply Chains? Evidence from Transaction-Level Import Data pp. 177-81

Sebastian Heise, Justin Pierce, Georg Schaur and Peter K. Schott

The Macroeconomic Effects of Fiscal Policy Uncertainty around the World pp. 182-87

Gee Hee Hong, Shikun (Barry) Ke and Anh Dinh Minh Nguyen

Anonymous Attention and Abuse pp. 188-94

Florian Ederer, Paul Goldsmith-Pinkham and Kyle Jensen

Same as It Ever Was: Gender, Race, and Ethnicity Differences in Promotion for Academic Economists pp. 195-201

Donna Ginther, Shulamit Kahn and Daria Milakhina

How Does the Intersection of Sex and Nonbinary Gender Identity Affect Hiring Discrimination? Evidence from a Correspondence Field Experiment pp. 202-08

Taryn Eames

Targeted Treatment Assignment Using Data from Randomized Experiments with Noncompliance pp. 209-14

Susan Athey, Kosuke Inoue and Yusuke Tsugawa

Instrumental Variables Methods Reveal Larger Effects of Menopausal Hormone Therapy in the Landmark Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trial pp. 215-20

Joshua Angrist, Amanda Kowalski, Ljubica Ristovska and Marcia L. Stefanick

Mean Reversion in Randomized Controlled Trials: Implications for Program Targeting and Heterogeneous Treatment Effects pp. 221-25

Marcella Alsan, John Cawley, Joseph J. Doyle and Nicholas Skelley

Global Evidence on Children's Living Arrangements pp. 226-31

Anne Ardila Brenøe and Melanie Wasserman

Are Some Firms Better for Women's Careers? pp. 232-37

Garima Sharma, Shreya Tandon, Lisa Ho, Pulak Ghosh and Stephanie Hao

School Is Out: Is the Doctor In? Gender Gaps in Holiday Work among Parent Physicians pp. 238-42

Leila Agha, Na'ama Shenhav and Myles Wagner

The Contribution of Employee-Led and Employer-Led Work Flexibility to the Motherhood Wage Gap pp. 243-47

Abi Adams, Mathias Fjællegaard Jensen and Barbara Petrongolo

Subjective Models of Workers and Managers for Macroeconomic Expectations pp. 248-53

Claudia Bruschi, Francesco D'Acunto, Saten Kumar and Michael Weber

Attention, Please! Listening to the Central Bank in Uncertain Times pp. 254-60

Silvia Albrizio, Allan Dizioli, Pedro Simon and Yifan Zhang

The Accuracy of Firms' Wage Inflation Expectations pp. 261-65

Lukas Buchheim, Sebastian Link and Sascha Möhrle

Do Inflation Expectations Become More Anchored during a Disinflation Episode? Evidence for Euro Area Firms pp. 266-70

Ursel Baumann, Annalisa Ferrando, Dimitris Georgarakos, Yuriy Gorodnichenko and Timo Reinelt

Job Tasks, Leadership, and the Gender Gap after Parenthood pp. 271-75

Daniel Tannenbaum and Brenden Timpe

Home Sweet Home: How Much Do Employees Value Remote Work? pp. 276-81

Zoë Cullen, Bobak Pakzad-Hurson and Ricardo Perez-Truglia

Work Hours and Amenity Trade-Offs pp. 282-86

César Garro- Marín, Neil Thakral and Linh T. Tô

The Impact of Air Pollution and Information Access on Women's Fertility Decisions: Evidence from Thailand pp. 287-91

Pasita Chaijaroen and Pallavi Panda

The Impact of Cash after Childbirth on Crime: Evidence from a Discontinuity in Tax Benefits pp. 292-96

Sakshi Bhardwaj

Learning from Job Offers about Labor Supply Constraints: A Barrier for Women without Work Experience pp. 297-302

Lisa Ho, Suhani Jalota and Anahita Karandikar

Long-Run Intergenerational Impact of Abortion Legalization in the United States pp. 303-07

Sherajum Monira Farin

Valuing Information as a Philanthropic Funder pp. 308-12

Dan Brown, Adam Salisbury and Meika Ball

Four New Ideas for Systematic Cost-Effectiveness Analysis pp. 313-17

Elizabeth D. Brown and Craig McIntosh

Does Gender Tagging Public Works Increase Women's Participation? Experimental Evidence from Haiti, Kenya, and Rwanda pp. 318-23

Tanay Balantrapu, Paul Christian, Lelys Dinarte-Diaz, Felipe Dunsch, Jonas Heirman, Dahyeon Jeong, Erin Kelley, Florence Kondylis, Gregory Lane and John Loeser

Financial Spillover Effects from Electronic Government Transfers: Evidence from an At-Scale Experiment in Indonesia pp. 324-28

Abhijit Banerjee, Rema Hanna, Benjamin A. Olken, Elan Satriawan and Sudarno Sumarto

Access to Justice and Social Protection pp. 329-34

Diogo Britto, Lorenzo Germinetti, François Gerard, Joana Naritomi and Breno Sampaio

Heterogeneity in Effects of Poverty-Alleviating Interventions pp. 335-39

Robert Garlick, John Walker and Kate Orkin

Targeting Social Assistance: The Evolution of College Financial Aid in Colombia pp. 340-44

Juliana Londoño- Vélez, Catherine Rodríguez, Fabio Sánchez and Luis Esteban Álvarez- Arango

SMEs and Workers during Crises: Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic in Uganda pp. 345-50

Selim Gulesci, Francesco Loiacono, Andreas Madestam and Miri Stryjan

Discrimination Expectations in the Credit Market: Survey Evidence from India pp. 351-56

Stefano Fiorin, Joseph Hall and Martin Kanz

Energy Hogs and Energy Angels: What Does Residential Electricity Use Really Tell Us about Profligate Consumption? pp. 357-62

Severin Borenstein

Restructuring the Rate Base pp. 363-68

Steve Cicala

Does Unilateral Decarbonization Pay for Itself? pp. 369-73

Adrien Bilal and Diego R. Känzig

The Shape of Regulation: 40 Years of Florida Flood Maps pp. 374-79

Abigail Ostriker and Anna Russo

Housing Supply and Natural Hazards within and across US Cities pp. 380-84

Augusto Ospital

Private Markets and Public Assistance for Natural Disaster Supplies pp. 385-90

Michael Dinerstein, Nadia Lucas, Ishan Nath and Johanna Rayl

Emission Prices, Biomass, and Biodiversity in Tropical Forests pp. 391-96

Lars Peter Hansen and José A. Scheinkman

The Economics of Blended Finance pp. 397-402

Caroline Flammer, Thomas Giroux and Geoffrey M. Heal

The Effectiveness of Local Conservation Ballots pp. 403-08

Dylan Hogan, Eyal G. Frank, Joséphine Gantois and Anouch Missirian

Nature Loss and Climate Change: The Twin-Crises Multiplier pp. 409-14

Stefano Giglio, Theresa Kuchler, Johannes Stroebel and Olivier Wang

Kindergartens and Intergenerational Mobility pp. 415-20

Philipp Ager, Francesco Cinnirella, Katherine Eriksson and Viktor Malein

Political Polarization and US-Mexico Migration pp. 421-26

María Esther Caballero, Giuseppe Ippedico and Giovanni Peri

Native–Refugee Education Gap pp. 427-31

Cevat Giray Aksoy, Gaurav Khanna, Victoria Marino and Semih Tumen

Home-Country Internet and Immigrants' Well-Being pp. 432-37

Alexander Yarkin

Agglomeration Spillovers from Native Nations: Evidence from Casino Reopenings pp. 438-44

Matthew T. Gregg, Alice Tianbo Zhang and Elliot Charette

Can Incorrect Beliefs about the Racial Composition of Welfare and Unemployment Insurance Beneficiaries Be Changed? pp. 445-50

Jeffrey Carpenter, Jakina Guzman, Peter Hans Matthews and Erin L. Wolcott

Immigrant Age at Arrival and the Intergenerational Transmission of Ethnic Identification among Mexican Americans pp. 451-56

Brian Duncan and Stephen Trejo

Cross-Policy Effects: Lockdown Stringency, Race, and the COVID-19 Vaccine in US Nursing Homes pp. 457-61

Roland Pongou, Ghislain Junior Sidie, Guy Tchuente and Jean-Baptiste Tondji

Root Causes of the Racial Wealth Gap: A Critique of the Fed View pp. 462-65

William Darity and Stephan Lefebvre

Labor Market Shocks and Immigration Enforcement pp. 466-70

Sergio Barrera, Brianna Felegi and Sarina Heron

The Racial Dynamics of US Neighborhoods and Their Housing Prices from 1950 through 1990 pp. 471-76

Daniel Hartley, Jonathan Rose and Becky Schneirov

Are Loans to Minority-Owned Firms Mispriced? pp. 477-82

William D. Bradford, Chunbei Wang, Magnus Lofstrom and Michael Verchot

Historical Differences in Female-Owned Manufacturing Establishments: The United States, 1850–1880 pp. 483-88

Ruveyda Gozen, Richard Hornbeck, Anders Humlum and Martin Rotemberg

Silent Partners: Corporate Ownership, Risk, and the Gender Asset Gap in Antebellum New England pp. 489-94

B. Zorina Khan

Gender Gaps in Entrepreneurship: Business Networks and Collaborations in Ghana pp. 495-99

Monica Lambon-Quayefio, Edward Asiedu, Francesca Truffa and Ashley Wong

The Inverted U-Shaped Relationship between Female Entrepreneurship and Economic Development pp. 500-508

Nava Ashraf, Alexia Delfino, Edward L. Glaeser and Irene Solmone

The Economic Impact of Discriminatory Policies: Insights from Same-Sex Marriage Bans pp. 509-14

Lei Gao, Steve Liu and Ying Wang

The End of an Impossible Choice: Removing Infertility as a Prerequisite for Legal Gender Recognition pp. 515-21

Ylva Moberg, Rinni Norlinder, J. Lucas Tilley and Emma von Essen

The Long-Run Impacts of Mentoring Underrepresented Minority Groups in Economics pp. 522-28

Francisca M. Antman, Sheng Qu, Bruce A. Weinberg and Trevon D. Logan

Did Board Gender Quotas Break the Glass Ceiling in Europe? pp. 529-35

David A. Matsa and Amalia R. Miller

Enabling Employment: How Do Employer Disability Practices Affect Disability Employment Outcomes? pp. 536-42

Lawrence Houston and Douglas Kruse

Rigidities in Transportation and Supply Chain Disruptions pp. 543-50

Giulia Brancaccio, Myrto Kalouptsidi and Theodore Papageorgiou

Spatial Externalities, Inefficiency, and Sufficient Statistics pp. 551-56

Gabriel Kreindler and Kartik Patekar

Sea Level Rise and Urban Infrastructure pp. 557-62

Allan Hsiao

Optimizing Electric Vehicle Infrastructure pp. 563-67

Costas Arkolakis, Kenneth T. Gillingham and Seung-Yong Yoo

Economic Sanctions and Intermediated Trade pp. 568-72

Maxim Chupilkin, Beata Javorcik, Aleksandra Peeva and Alexander Plekhanov

Dodging Trade Sanctions? Evidence from Military Goods pp. 573-77

Lisa Scheckenhofer, Feodora A. Teti and Joschka Wanner

Trade Sanctions against Russia: Stylized Facts pp. 578-82

Konstantin Egorov, Vasily Korovkin, Alexey Makarin and Dzhamilya Nigmatulina

Long-Run Consequences of Sanctions on Russia pp. 583-87

David Baqaee and Hannes Malmberg

The Political Economy of Geoeconomic Power pp. 588-92

Christopher Clayton, Matteo Maggiori and Jesse Schreger

Hegemony and International Alignment pp. 593-98

Fernando Broner, Alberto Martin, Josefin Meyer, Christoph Trebesch and Jiaxian Zhou Wu

Currency Development through Liquidity Provision pp. 599-604

Antonio Coppola, Arvind Krishnamurthy and Chenzi Xu

Changing Global Linkages: Bridging Geopolitical Fragments pp. 605-10

Gita Gopinath, Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas, Andrea F. Presbitero and Petia Topalova

Inventories, Integration, Productivity, and Welfare pp. 611-17

George Alessandria, Shafaat Yar Khan and Armen Khederlarian

The Cost of Delivery Delays pp. 618-23

Maria-Jose Carreras-Valle and Alessandro Ferrari

Measuring the Average Period of Production pp. 624-30

Pol Antràs and Vitalii Tubdenov

The Role of Representational and Computational Complexity in Belief Formation pp. 631-36

Cuimin Ba, J. Aislinn Bohren and Alex Imas

Extracting Statistical Relationships from Observational Data: Predicting with Full or Partial Information pp. 637-42

Guillaume R. Fréchette, Emanuel Vespa and Sevgi Yuksel

Real and Assumed Information pp. 643-47

Ned Augenblick, Matthew Backus, Andrew T. Little and Don A. Moore

Metacognitive Awareness and Academic Performance pp. 648-53

Jarod Apperson, A. Nayena Blankson, Francesina Jackson, Angelino Viceisza, Bruce Wade and Jimmeka Guillory Wright

Gender Salience and Chat-Based Communication in Teams pp. 654-58

Rebecca Jack

What Deters Women from Economics pp. 659-63

Kristy Buzard, Katelyn Cranney, Laura K. Gee and Olga Stoddard

Returns to Education: The Roles of Income, Gender, and Occupations pp. 664-68

Siyu Wang, Hui Xu, Meng Shen and Delong Meng

The Test-Optional Puzzle pp. 669-75

Wouter Dessein, Alex Frankel and Navin Kartik

Standardized Test Scores and Academic Performance at Ivy Plus Colleges pp. 676-81

John N. Friedman, Bruce Sacerdote, Douglas O. Staiger and Michele Tine

Examining Key Impacts of the Test-Optional Movement for Early Adopters pp. 682-88

Brianna Felegi

Filling the Gaps: Childcare Laws for Women's Economic Empowerment pp. 689-94

S Anukriti, Lelys Dinarte-Diaz, Maria Montoya-Aguirre and Alena Sakhonchik

Breadwinning, Social Security, and Retirement Patterns among Couples pp. 695-99

Siha Lee and Zhixiu Yu

Parental Time Allocation and Gender Disparities: The Role of Child Tax Credit Reform pp. 700-705

Tennecia Dacass, Elif B. Dilden and Yang Jiao

Minutes of the Annual Business Meeting, San Francisco, CA, January 3, 2025 pp. 709-11

Peter Rousseau

Report of the Secretary pp. 712-17

Peter Rousseau

Report of the Treasurer pp. 718-23

Peter Rousseau

American Economic Association 2024-2025 Universal Academic Questionnaire Summary Statistics pp. 724-27

John J. Siegfried, Elizabeth Braunstein and Ryan Kustaborder

Note from the AEA Secretary-Treasurer about the Proceedings Supplement pp. 728-728

Peter Rousseau

Minutes of the Meeting of the Executive Committee via Zoom, April 5, 2024 pp. 729-34

Peter Rousseau

Minutes of the Meeting of the Executive Committee, San Francisco, CA, January 2, 2025 pp. 735-42

Peter Rousseau

Report of the Editor, American Economic Review pp. 743-60

Erzo F.P. Luttmer

Report of the Editor, American Economic Review: Insights pp. 761-69

Matthew Gentzkow

Report of the Editor, Journal of Economic Literature pp. 770-75

David Romer

Report of the Editor, Journal of Economic Perspectives pp. 776-78

Heidi Williams

Report of the Editor, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics pp. 779-88

Benjamin Olken

Report of the Editor, American Economic Journal: Economic Policy pp. 789-99

Lucas Davis

Report of the Editor, American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics pp. 800-808

Ayşegül Şahin

Report of the Editor, American Economic Journal: Microeconomics pp. 809-16

Navin Kartik

Report of the Director, Job Openings for Economists pp. 817-19

John J. Siegfried

Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Use of Social Media in Economics pp. 820-61

Tim Bresnahan

Report of the Committee on Economic Education pp. 862-71

Sam Allgood and KimMarie McGoldrick

Report of the Committee on Economic Statistics pp. 872-75

Karen Dynan

Report of the Committee on Government Relations pp. 876-79

Kenneth Troske

Report of the Committee on the Job Market pp. 880-83

John Cawley

Report of the Committee on Professional Climate pp. 884-90

T. Renee Bowen

Report of the Committee on the Status of LGBTQ+ Individuals in the Economics Profession pp. 891-93

Lee Badgett and Kitt Carpenter

Report of the Committee on the Status of Minority Groups in the Economics Profession pp. 894-917

Vicki Bogan and Jose M. Fernandez

Report of the Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession pp. 918-43

Linda Tesar

Report of the AEA Data Editor pp. 944-57

Lars Vilhuber and Jack Cavanagh