Politicas agrarias y cambios en la agricultra de Mozambique (1975-2009)

Joao Mosca

Revista Espanola de Estudios Agrosociales y Pesqueros, 2011, issue 229, 38

Abstract: Este articulo presenta la evolucion de los principales indicadores de la agricultura mozambiquena entre 1975 y 2009, con el objetivo de evaluar de que forma las politicas economicas y agrarias practicades concuerdan con el discurso politico acerca del papel de la agricultura en el desarrollo y que resultados se han obtenido. Se muestra un breve resumen de las politicas agrarias y economicas asociadas al sector desde la independencia (1975) hasta 2009, comenzando por el intento de socializacion del medio rural en el marco de una economia de planificacion central (hasta 1986) y despues, con las reformas economicas conforme a las <> de las Instituciones de Bretton Woods (IBW). Se analizan las evoluciones de propiedad y ocupacion de la tierra, de las disonibilidades de infraistructuras y capacidades productivas, las relaciones con el mercado, la prestacion de algunos servicios a la agricultra y el encuadre del sector en el conjunto de la economia. El autor concluye que las alteraciones pendualres de gran amplitud en las politicas desajustadas, povocan inestabilidad, crisis productiva y rupturas de los sistemas productivos. Estos aspectural, que se traducen en las reduccion de la produccion, menor integracion de los pequenos productores en los mercados, menores servicios prestados a la produccion estancamiento de las tecnologias, persistencia de bajas productividades por hectarea, perdida de la importancia de la agricultura en la economia y persistencia de elevados indices de pobreza. This paper analyzes the trends the main agrarian indexes of Mozambique between 1975 and 2009 with the aim to assess how economic and agrarian policies implemented coincide with the political discourse on the role of agriculture for development, and also which are the results of these policies. A brief summary on economic and agrarian policies is presented, tackling the period from the independency (1975) until 2000. This review starts describing the attempt to socialize rural areas in the framework of a centrally planned economy (until 1986) and subsequently, the changes in a context of economic reforms which followed the <> of Bretton Woods Institution (BWI). From this point, several aspects are analyzed, particularly the evolution of land property and occupation, the availability of infrasturcutre and productive capacity, market relationships and the use of productive factors, the public support to the agrarian sector and the role of agriculture in the economy of Mozambique. The author concludes that the important pendulum like motion in the economic policies, the changes in social alliances, the armed conflict and the lack of coherence in the formulation of policies; have as a result instability, productive crisis and rupture of productive systems. These elements also reflect on the regression of agrarian and rural development processes, which result on the decrease of agrarian production, lower market integration of small producers, diminishment of public support to the agrarian sector, technological stagnation, persistence of low land productivity, lost of importance of the agrarin sector in the country economy and persistence of high poverty indexes.

Keywords: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2011
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:ags:spreea:186688

DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.186688

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