System Dynamics for Resilient Industrial Wastewater Management under Climate Stress

Kazy Mohammad Iqbal Hossain
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Kazy Mohammad Iqbal Hossain: Centre for Higher Studies and Research (CHSR), Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh.

Journal of Scientific Reports, 2026, vol. 12, issue 1, 75-92

Abstract: Industrial wastewater systems are increasingly strained by climate stressors such as rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events. These disruptions elevate biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) by up to 35%, increase energy consumption for treatment by 20–40%, and cause untreated discharge volumes to spike by as much as 60% during flood events. This review synthesizes 45 studies published between 2010 and 2025, applying a Narrative Integrative Review methodology to holistically examine the interplay of technological, ecological, and institutional dynamics. System dynamics tools causal loop diagrams (CLDs) and stock-and-flow diagrams (SFDs) are used to model the complex feedback and resource flows within wastewater systems. CLDs reveal how rising operational costs and regulatory pressure reinforce system fragility, while SFDs quantify delays in recovery and trade-offs in resource allocation, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises. Technological innovations such as modular bioreactors and anaerobic digestion systems enhance resilience and support circular economy goals, with biogas recovery offsetting up to 25% of energy demand. Nature-based solutions further improve effluent quality and ecological resilience. Real-time monitoring via IoT and participatory modeling strengthen adaptive capacity and stakeholder engagement. However, institutional rigidity and fragmented governance remain major barriers. The review identifies gaps in empirical calibration, equity integration, and interdisciplinary modeling, and calls for hybrid frameworks that incorporate climate projections and socioeconomic metrics. Embedding systems thinking into wastewater governance is essential to build resilient, inclusive, and sustainable industrial water systems in the face of escalating climate stress.

Keywords: climate change; industrial wastewater; system dynamics; causal loop diagrams; circular economy; adaptive management (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:aif:report:v:11:y:2026:i:1:p:75-92

DOI: 10.58970/JSR.1156

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