Bitcoin and Beyond

Kose John (), Maureen O'Hara () and Fahad Saleh ()
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Kose John: Stern School of Business, New York University, New York, NY, USA
Maureen O'Hara: Johnson College of Business, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
Fahad Saleh: School of Business, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA

Annual Review of Financial Economics, 2022, vol. 14, issue 1, 95-115

Abstract: We survey extant literature on the economics of blockchain fundamentals, with particular focus on Bitcoin, proof-of-work, and proof-of-stake. We formally clarify Bitcoin's economic significance in solving the double-spending problem without a centralized entity. We then transition to the economics literature, highlighting the key endogenous economic interactions among participants in the Bitcoin ecosystem as well as the economics of proof-of-stake and other potential consensus algorithms. Along the way, we discuss various literature that provides important insights regarding fees, forks, and price volatility. We conclude by reflecting on the next generation of blockchain innovations.

Keywords: Bitcoin; blockchain; fees; PoS; PoW; proof-of-stake; proof-of-work (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D4 G00 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1146/annurev-financial-111620-011240

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