Migrations of Ukrainian citizens to Poland between 2022-2025 in terms of the scale, dynamics, process of stay legalization and security

Bartosz Kozicki

Nowoczesne Systemy Zarządzania. Modern Management Systems, 2025, issue 2, 111-124

Abstract: Research objectives and hypothesis/research questions The focus was on the following research problem: to what extent the mass nature of migration of people from Ukraine to Poland affected the number of visas issued in Poland. The aim of the research is to conduct a multidimensional analysis of data on the migration of people from Ukraine to Poland between 2022-2025 (until January 2025) and the number of visas issued in Poland. A research hypothesis was also outlined: it is assumed that the increase in migration of people from Ukraine will reduce the number of visas issued to Ukrainians in Poland. Research methods Research methods which were used in the article – source analysis, and within it a research technique – observation. As part of the technique, research tools such as an Excel sheet and figures were used. Main results The conducted research shows the multifaceted impact of the war in Ukraine on migration phenomena and forms of the stay legalization of Ukrainian citizens in Poland between 2022-2025. The starting point of the analysis was the dynamics of crossing the Polish-Ukrainian border, which in the first quarter of 2022 reached an unprecedented level – culminating in March (1,944,111 people). Such data indicate a direct migration reaction to the escalation of the armed conflict. In subsequent years, border traffic showed a stabilization trend with seasonal peaks in the summer periods, related, among others, to labour migration. At the same time, a systematic increase in the number of Ukrainian citizens with a valid residence permit in Poland was observed. Since 2022, their number has increased rapidly, reaching a record 1,55 million in March 2025. The observed trend is the result not only of the war, but also of procedural simplifications and the growing integration of Ukrainians with Polish society. The data also confirm the dominance of that national group among all foreigners legally staying in Poland. Implications for theory and practice The research proves that the war in Ukraine caused radical changes in the structure and nature of the migration of citizens of this country to Poland. We observe both the intensification of the influx and the ongoing process of settlement and formal integration of Ukrainians in Poland. The data are crucial for further shaping of the migration, social and integration policy of the Polish state.

Keywords: security; migration; education in Poland; applications for international protection; visas (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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