 Map Of the Ideological Shift of Political Party in Indonesia (Special reference to Legislative elections of 2004, 2009, 2014 and 2019)Riko Riyanda Sri Zul Chairiyah
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2023, vol. 7, issue 1, 779-805 Abstract: Political parties have an important role in the political system. Its functions such as political recruitment, political aggregation, education politics and political socialization have been positioned in the basic structure of the democratic system. According to Nina Andriana, [1]In the era of reformation of almost all political parties in Indonesia was born accidentally without good preparation, it just becomes an expression of the power of the political elite above him, so that political parties do not have their own ideology or even identity. According to Firmanzah,[2] ideology is the identity of a political party that helps voters in determining their alignment. Added by Firmanzah, that on the side voting community, the clarity of the value system and understanding will make it easier for them to identify and distinguish one party from another, on the other hand own political party, this also makes it easier for positioning and packaging the language communication to be conveyed to their target voters. In this sense ideology is very important as a guide for party actionpolitics and as a benchmark for voters to assess how far the political elite is fulfill his promise during the campaign is Firmanzah’s book review which discusses about how to manage a political party by using ideology and good communication to constituencies. The ideological battle stopped when New Order came to power. The New Order’s deideology was based on the assumption that ideology was the cause of political instability. Deideology led to the establishment of Pancasila as the only principle in life society, nation and state. The implication is that political parties are actually allowed to have an ideology that does not conflict with Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. However, many parties identify their ideology as Pancasila. In the end, the problem of party ideology emerged. Especially regarding the weak function of ideology within the party. The function of ideology as a mass base puller or in a representative system known as a bridge between representatives and their constituents is not optimal. This has been going on since the reform elections in 1999 until 2019. Understanding of ideology with party principles among party officials is very minimal and weak, they consider party ideology to also mean the principle of political parties, between the two there is almost no difference. In every country or political system that wants to be based on democracy, two institutions that must exist are political parties and elections. In terms of its ideological mission, as a formal institution, a political party has a function to systematize political interests and aspirations in line with its ideology, to carry out ideologicalization (guidance, education, debriefing, regeneration) to perpetuate the political ideology that became the background for the founding of the party. In this case, political parties have the obligation to accommodate the political aspirations of the people that are in line with their ideology, this can be understood as an articulation of interests which is a function of political parties that must be carried out by every political party to find out the political aspirations of the community, which then political parties provide political education for people who are in line with party ideology. This is where the relationship between the political ideology of political parties with the function of political parties. Political ideology owned by political parties will be implemented in every election that takes place. In this case, the role of political ideology from political parties is very important in relation to society as a society voters, where he will choose a political party with an ideology that is in line with people’s minds. During the 5 times the reform election, starting from the 1999 election to 2019, the political parties that always won the sympathy of voters were Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDIP), Working Group Party (Golkar) and United Development Party (PPP). However, political parties with Islamic ideology always change and even experience setbacks, for the next election where at the beginning of the reformation National Mandate Party (PAN) emerged as representing Islamic ideology, rivaling United Development Party (PPP), and many more political parties with Islamic ideology, namely Star Moon Party (PBR), National Awakening Party (PKB), Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) which was previously called the Justice Party in the general election. 1999 and changed its name in the 2004 election to the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS). In the 1999 general election, PDIP won, and Golkar won the second place. However, in the 2004 election, Golkar replaced the position of PDIP and won. Furthermore, until the last election, the 2 political parties won, except in the 2009 election, the democratic party emerged victorious, but PDIP and Golkar remained the second and third winners. In this case, it means that from the 5 reform elections there are 2 political parties that are quite stable, namely PDIP and Golkar and a political party with the Islamic ideology PKS, but one political party emerged, namely Gerindra which is a splinter from the Golkar party which also represents the nationalist ideology in the 2019 elections. description of political parties during the reformation period, each of which represents their political ideology, namely nationalist, marhaen/nationality and Islam. A description of the political ideology of the political party that you want to research to see the map and the shift in the ideology of political parties from each election that has taken place during the reformation period. The map of political alliances in Indonesia has changed since after the 2014 Presidential Election. Coalitions of political parties have changed, political parties which were originally opposed to the government, some have turned into parties supporting the government. The phenomenon after the 2014 Presidential Election at least shows the occurrence of political pragmatism which is marked by an identity crisis, and the blurring of the ideology of political parties in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to map the ideology of political parties and see the shift of political party ideology in the four reform era elections that have taken place, where this type of study is descriptive research. So in this case the research title is “Maps and Shifts in Political Party Ideology in Elections in Indonesia (A Study of Political Analysis 4 Elections 2004-2019)†Research Question As explained in the summary, the introduction that this research originated from the symptoms that occurred since the beginning of the New Order government had occurred de-ideologization in political parties. Based on law number 2 of 2011 concerning political parties it is stated in article 9 paragraphs 1 and 2 that the principles and characteristics of political parties may not conflict with Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. The implication is that political parties are actually allowed to have an ideology that does not conflict with Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. However, many parties identify their ideology as Pancasila. Subsequent developments regarding political ideology in political parties began to be seen since the reformation election, namely from the 2004 election to the 2019 election, of the 4 elections that prominently represented political ideology namely nationalism, marhaeniesm and Islam, it was represented by 3 political parties namely PDIP, Golkar and PKS. Based on the description above, what will be studied is or will be tried to be understood, namely the map of shifts in political ideology during the 4 post-New Order elections in each election result at the national level. The main substance in this research is to know the ideology of the political parties participating in the 2004, 2009, 2014 and 2019 general elections for four periods Legislative elections in Indonesia? Theoritical Framework Date: 2023 Downloads: (external link) Related works: Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:bcp:journl:v:7:y:2023:i:1:p:779-805 Access Statistics for this article International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science is currently edited by Dr. Nidhi Malhan More articles in International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science from International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) |
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