Review of Sustainability Criteria for Paddy Farming in Malaysia Based on Environmental, Economic and Social Dimensions

Mohmmad Shafie Hairal Anam, Alawi Sulaiman, Abdul Kadir Othman and Nabila Farhana Jamaludin
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Mohmmad Shafie Hairal Anam: Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA Melaka Branch, 77300 Merlimau, Melaka, Malaysia
Alawi Sulaiman: Institute of Leadership and Development, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Lebuh Enstek, Bandar Enstek, 71760 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan Malaysia
Abdul Kadir Othman: Institute of Business Excellence (IBE)Kompleks Al-Farabi Aras 4, Akademik 2 Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) 40450 Shah Alam Selangor, Malaysia
Nabila Farhana Jamaludin: Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, 32610 Perak, Malaysia

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2025, vol. 9, issue 1, 1344-1362

Abstract: This review is a comprehensive effort to recommend appropriate sustainability criteria for paddy farming practices in Malaysia. This study compared sustainability criteria on five (5) major sustainability documents namely Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture Systems (SAFA), Roundtable Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO), Malaysia Good Agricultural (MyGAP) and Sustainable Rice Platform Standard (SRP). Data extraction and content analysis were conducted using NVivo 15 software. The findings revealed 12 criteria for the environmental dimension; Zero burning practices, Water resources, Soil quality, Replanting, Harvesting and Post-harvesting, Efficiency of energy use, Waste management and disposal, Planting material, Pest Input control, Ecosystem diversity, species diversity, eight (8) criteria for economic dimension; Profitability, Traceability, Stability of Production, Stability of Supply, Liquidity, Risk management, Value creation, Local procurement and seven (7) criteria for social dimensions; Quality of life, capacity development, fair access to means of production, Right to use land, Employment conditions, Living conditions and Workplace safety recommend for paddy cultivation practices. In conclusion, this review has provided new sustainability criteria for paddy cultivation practices which could be used as a guide for farmers and policymakers in making informed decisions to improve sustainability in paddy cultivation in Malaysia.

Date: 2025
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