Smart Cities and Internet of Things (IoT): A Review of Emerging Technologies and Challenges

Peter Adeyemo Adepoju, Adebimpe Bolatito Ige, Afees Olanrewaju Akinade and Adeoye Idowu Afolabi
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Peter Adeyemo Adepoju: Independent Researcher, United Kingdom
Adebimpe Bolatito Ige: Independent Researcher, Canada
Afees Olanrewaju Akinade: Independent Researcher, United Kingdom
Adeoye Idowu Afolabi: CISCO, Nigeria

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2025, vol. 9, issue 1, 1536-1549

Abstract: The convergence of Smart Cities and the Internet of Things (IoT) represents a revolutionary leap in urban development, reshaping the way cities function and interact with their inhabitants. This paper provides a concise overview of the landscape, focusing on emerging technologies and challenges within the realm of Smart Cities and IoT integration. Smart Cities leverage IoT technologies to enhance efficiency, sustainability, and the overall quality of urban life. This review explores the key components of this transformative shift, including sensor networks, data analytics, and advanced connectivity solutions. It examines how these technologies facilitate real-time data collection, enabling cities to make informed decisions for optimized resource management and improved citizen services. However, the path to realizing the full potential of Smart Cities and IoT is not without challenges. Privacy concerns arise as urban environments become more interconnected, raising questions about data security and individual rights. Additionally, the proliferation of IoT devices introduces potential vulnerabilities that demand robust cybersecurity measures. This study serves as a concise guide for policymakers, urban planners, and technology stakeholders, offering insights into both the promising innovations and the critical challenges associated with the integration of Smart Cities and IoT technologies. As cities globally navigate the complexities of this paradigm shift, understanding these dynamics is crucial for fostering sustainable, resilient, and technologically advanced urban environments.

Date: 2025
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