Role of Channel Complementarity Characteristics on the Risk Information Seeking and Processing Model: A Systematic Literature Review

Shenghao Qi, Jen-Sern Tham, Moniza Waheed and Norliana Hashim
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Shenghao Qi: Department of Communication, Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Jen-Sern Tham: Department of Communication, Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Moniza Waheed: Department of Communication, Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Norliana Hashim: Department of Communication, Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2025, vol. 9, issue 1, 2923-2948

Abstract: Over the past few decades, the application of the risk information seeking and processing (RISP) model has substantially increased within health and risk communication research. This model provides insights into how individuals respond to information scarcity through seeking, processing, or avoidance behaviors. In an era of burgeoning digital media, individuals often rely on multiple channels for health information; however, systematic reviews focusing on RISP within the digital media context remain limited. This study addresses that gap with a comprehensive analysis of existing literature using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses method, with papers (n = 26) included from Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. This review outlines study contexts, sample characteristics, and data collection modes, offering a critical assessment of the model’s evolution, especially conceptualizing relevant channel beliefs. The analysis categorizes variables into exogenous, regulatory, mediation, control, and endogenous, constructing a comprehensive causality framework. Findings indicated future RISP research should emphasize multi-channel information seeking, reflecting the complexities of the current media environment, and advocating for mixed research methods to enhance the depth of risk communication studies.

Date: 2025
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