Innovative Blockchain Frameworks Driving ESG Impact in Real Estate

Mohd Azlan Ab. Jalil, Noorsidi Aizuddin Mat Noor, Nurul Saadah Lokman and Farhana Diana Deris
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Mohd Azlan Ab. Jalil: Real Estate Department, Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
Noorsidi Aizuddin Mat Noor: Real Estate Department, Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia Centre for Real Estate Studies (UTM CRES), Institute for Smart Infrastructure and Innovative Construction (ISIIC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia Mass Appraisal, Housing and Planning Research Group, Real Estate Department, Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
Nurul Saadah Lokman: Real Estate Department, Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
Farhana Diana Deris: Centre for Real Estate Studies (UTM CRES), Institute for Smart Infrastructure and Innovative Construction (ISIIC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2025, vol. 9, issue 1, 4064-4075

Abstract: This study presents a novel framework to enable a blockchain technology integration in the real estate sector from an Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) context, challenging the challenges of transparency, equity, and sustainability. As the sector is recognised as a critical stakeholder in sustainability, the research analyses whether blockchain could aid in streamlining operations, enhancing accountability in governance, and promoting equity in housing allocation. The data were collected with a mixed-method approach of qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys with 50 contributors who are real estate practitioners, blockchain experts, and ESG analysts. Key findings show that blockchain can be used to monitor carbon footprint, support fractional ownership, and create a trustless housing allocation system. Other governance improvements, through immutable records and real-time compliance tracking, were identified as key advances. Out of the real-life scenarios in a Malaysian context, there is land registry blockchain, green building certifications, and mostly all the technology is transformative. By providing actionable recommendations for regulators, industry leaders, and researchers, this research stresses the importance of regulatory, educational, and scalable solutions to bridge implementation gaps. This study lays a foundation for future work and practical applications of blockchain in sustainable real estate development by aligning blockchain’s capabilities with ESG principles.

Date: 2025
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