Exploratory Factor Analysis for Measuring Instrument of Sports Involvement on Psychological Resilience among Boarding School Students in Malaysia

Haslinda Husain, Shamsulariffin Samsudin and Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub
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Haslinda Husain: Department of Sport Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor
Shamsulariffin Samsudin: Department of Sport Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor
Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub: Department of Science and Technical Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2025, vol. 9, issue 1, 4237-4244

Abstract: This study focuses on the development and validation of an instrument to measure sports involvement as a contributing factor to psychological resilience among Malaysian boarding school students. A survey-based quantitative approach was employed, with data collected from 150 respondents through simple random sampling. The instrument, initially comprising 15 items, was refined through expert validation and exploratory factor analysis (EFA), resulting in a final version with nine items. These items were adapted and modified to align with the study context, utilizing an interval scale ranging from 1 to 10 for precise measurement. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test demonstrated excellent sampling adequacy (0.909), and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity was significant (p 60%). EFA findings indicated that all nine retained items had factor loadings exceeding the cutoff point of 0.60, confirming their suitability for measuring sports involvement. The final instrument exhibited strong internal consistency, with Cronbach’s Alpha value surpassing the acceptable threshold. The study highlights the rigorous validation process undertaken to ensure the instrument’s reliability and relevance for future research. This validated tool provides a solid foundation for exploring the relationship between sports involvement and psychological resilience among boarding school students in Malaysia.

Date: 2025
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