Criminal Liability for Foreign Nationals Involved in Human Trafficking through Online Fraud (Theories of Criminal Responsibility and Jurisdiction in International Law)

Dina Desvita Pramesti Putri, Cahya Wulandari and Irawaty
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Dina Desvita Pramesti Putri: Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
Cahya Wulandari: Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
Irawaty: Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2025, vol. 9, issue 1, 931-943

Abstract: Human Trafficking is a serious global crime regulated by Law No. 21 of 2007 in Indonesia. This study examines the criminal liability and sentencing of foreign nationals involved in human trafficking through online fraud, focusing on theories of criminal responsibility and jurisdiction in international law. Using a qualitative approach and normative legal research, this study analyzes relevant legal norms and their application in cases involving foreign perpetrators. The findings highlight the challenges in enforcing laws against human trafficking and propose solutions to improve legal responses. The research indicates that assessing criminal liability requires consideration of the perpetrators’ intent and negligence. International agreements, such as the Palermo Convention, allow for sanctions against offenders even when their actions occur outside Indonesia’s jurisdiction through universal jurisdiction. In conclusion, effective law enforcement against human trafficking involving foreign nationals necessitates a collaborative approach and regulatory revisions to address evolving crime methods. Strengthening international cooperation is essential for Indonesia to combat human trafficking, protect victims, and ensure justice.

Date: 2025
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