Factors Facilitating the Adoption of Internationalization in Zambian-Based SMEs

Dr. Stephen Mukuka, Dr. Lawrence Mwelwa and Prof. John Phiri
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Dr. Stephen Mukuka: School of Management, Kesmond International University
Dr. Lawrence Mwelwa: Director, Kesmond Research Institute (Supervisor)
Prof. John Phiri: Senior Lecturer, University of Zambia

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2025, vol. 9, issue 2, 644-665

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to explore the challenges faced by Zambian-based small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in internationalizing their operations. Through a mixed-method approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative research, utilizing from a sample size of 250 SMEs and indepth interviews with industry experts this study examined key factors impacting SMEs’ ability to access international markets, including access to finance, regulatory obstacles, and infrastructural limitations. Findings indicate that while Zambian SMEs show a high level of interest in global expansion, significant structural and operational barriers limit their competitiveness and market reach. The article contributes to academic discourse by identifying critical areas for policy and practice reform to support Zambian SMEs in their internationalization journey. This research investigates the primary challenges that Zambian-based Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) face when attempting to internationalize their business operations. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, utilizing both quantitative data from a sample size of 250 SMEs and qualitative interviews with industry experts. Findings reveal that financial constraints, regulatory hurdles, cultural adaptation issues, and logistical barriers are significant obstacles for Zambian SMEs. The study’s insights provide valuable guidance for policymakers, SME stakeholders, and scholars, contributing to an understanding of how Zambian SMEs can enhance their competitiveness in international markets. Some recommendations that have been proposed:

Date: 2025
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