Validation of the Diamond Dispatch Challenge Test for Softball Overhand Throwing Accuracy

Oliver Napila Gomez, Michelle Himulatan, Nasroding Bashier, Hendely Adlawan, Lowelyn Mabandes and Gerrom Palasigue
Additional contact information
Oliver Napila Gomez: USFD PH OPC; Lourdes College Graduate School
Michelle Himulatan: Jasaan National High School; Lourdes College Graduate School
Nasroding Bashier: MSU- College of Sports Physical Education and Recreation
Hendely Adlawan: MSU- College of Sports Physical Education and Recreation
Lowelyn Mabandes: MSU- College of Sports Physical Education and Recreation
Gerrom Palasigue: MSU – Institute of Science Education

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2025, vol. 9, issue 3s, 1751-1766

Abstract: The necessity for a valid and reliable measure of overhand throwing accuracy in softball is critical due to the significant reliance on accurate throws for game performance. Existing tests often lack applicability to actual game conditions and fail to address all the kinematic factors that influence throw effectiveness. This study validates a game-based test designed to mimic real softball game scenarios to measure overhand throwing accuracy more effectively. The test, referred to as the Diamond Dispatch Challenge, incorporates various throwing targets and conditions to simulate game situations and includes a scoring system that evaluates the accuracy, velocity, and consistency of throws. Participants in the pilot study included eighteen female beginner students, and fifteen female trained players from a state university in Lanao del Sur, Philippines, providing a diverse group across different levels of softball experience. The psychometric properties of the test were evaluated through a psychometric research design focused on known-group validity and internal consistency. Results indicated significant differences in throwing accuracy between the beginners and trained players, with a Cohen’s d value of 3.518, suggesting a substantial effect size. The Spearman-Brown prophecy formula yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.90, indicating high internal consistency. The findings support the use of the Diamond Dispatch Challenge in both academic and athletic settings, providing a robust tool for coaches and researchers to measure and improve overhand throwing accuracy in softball. This study contributes to the existing literature by offering a game-based, validated testing instrument that can be used to enhance training and player development in softball.

Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/ ... sue-3s/1751-1766.pdf (application/pdf)
https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/arti ... d-throwing-accuracy/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:bcp:journl:v:9:y:2025:i:3s:p:1751-1766

Access Statistics for this article

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science is currently edited by Dr. Nidhi Malhan

More articles in International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science from International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS)
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Dr. Pawan Verma ().