Factors Affecting Senior Police Officers’ Participation in Part-Time Jobs

Norrafida Leman and Suraiya Ishak
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Norrafida Leman: Center for Research in Development, Social and Environment, Faculty of social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Suraiya Ishak: Center for Research in Development, Social and Environment, Faculty of social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2025, vol. 9, issue 2, 3406-3415

Abstract: The involvement in part-time jobs among individuals in low-income groups is primarily aimed at meeting their basic needs that are insufficiently covered by income from their main jobs. However, the involvement of individuals in middle and high-income groups in part-time jobs is expected to be driven by different motivational factors compared to those in lower-income groups. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the involvement of senior police officers in part-time jobs within the framework of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory. The study employs a survey to collect relevant data. The study population consists of 298 senior police officers stationed in four contingents in the state of Melaka, with questionnaires distributed to a sample of 169 senior police officers. Stratified sampling techniques were used at the first level to determine the sample units based on the different contingents. Meanwhile, purposive sampling was employed at the second level to select individual respondents, with 93 identified as having engaged in part-time jobs. Regression analysis was used to analyse the factors influencing involvement in part-time jobs. Based on the analysis, two significant factors were found to motivate senior police officers to engage in part-time jobs: the expansion of social networks and the acquisition of new skills. The implications of the findings suggest that senior police officers engaged in part-time work aim to fulfil their needs for self-achievement and career progression through the expansion of social networks and the acquisition of new skills. The contribution of this study aligns with the goal of promoting decent work and economic growth for all.

Date: 2025
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