Paving the Way for Tomorrow’s Cities through Solving Road Encroachment Dilemmas: A Systematic Review

Abdulganiyu Olukayode Tijjani, Sitti Asmah Hassan, Muhammad Zaly Shah Muhammad, Mohd Khairul Afzan Mohd Lazi and Bayero Salih Farah
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Abdulganiyu Olukayode Tijjani: Department of Transportation, School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia Nigerian Institute of Transport Technology (NITT), Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Sitti Asmah Hassan: Department of Transportation, School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Muhammad Zaly Shah Muhammad: Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Mohd Khairul Afzan Mohd Lazi: Department of Transportation, School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Bayero Salih Farah: Nigerian Institute of Transport Technology (NITT), Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2025, vol. 9, issue 2, 3546-3557

Abstract: Globally, countries strive for “Smart City†status by leveraging technology and data-driven solutions to improve urban quality of life, efficiency, and sustainable urban cities. However, developing countries face land-use-induced road encroachment challenges caused by activities such as roadside markets, squatters, street trade, and unlawful parking. This endangers traffic flow, pedestrian safety, residents’ health, and the environment. Therefore, this study used Scopus database articles to conduct a systematic literature to reveal the causes, implications, and solutions for land use-induced road encroachment that is hampering Smart City advancement in developing countries. Hence, out of the 399 Scopus publications reviewed, 26 addressed land use-induced road encroachment and related issues, which comprises of 17 from Scopus and 9 from other databases. Thus, according to the findings, uncontrolled urbanization encourages the greatest rates of roadside encroachment in developing countries, resulting in traffic congestion, accidents, pollution, and health issues owing to activities of informal sector operations and illegal parking. The study advocates innovative solutions like Pedestrianization, urban design, roadside vending zones, smart parking solutions, community engagement, economic incentives, enforcement, penalties, traffic management technology, and flexible road use policies. These shall seek to reduce or eliminate road encroachment, resulting in safer, more accessible, and efficient cities for residents and tourists. Consequently, these entail promoting correct road usage through urban planning methods, legislation, and technology in order to discourage encroachment and improve the overall urban experience.

Date: 2025
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