Step-By-Step Guide to Calculating Content Validity Index (CVI) For Single Constructs Using Excel

Nur Ain Md Lukmanul Hakim, Mohamad Rasidi Pairan and Mohamad Ikram Zakaria
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Nur Ain Md Lukmanul Hakim: Faculty of Educational Sciences and Technology, University Technology Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
Mohamad Rasidi Pairan: Faculty of Educational Sciences and Technology, University Technology Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
Mohamad Ikram Zakaria: Faculty of Educational Sciences and Technology, University Technology Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2025, vol. 9, issue 3, 1717-1726

Abstract: The Content Validity Index (CVI) is a widely used method for assessing the validity of questionnaire items, particularly in educational and social science research. This paper presents a step-by-step tutorial on calculating the CVI for a single construct using Microsoft Excel, making the validation process accessible to researchers with minimal statistical expertise. The methodology includes computing the Item-Level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and the Scale-Level Content Validity Index (S-CVI), using expert ratings to determine the relevance of questionnaire items. The tutorial demonstrates key Excel functions, such as COUNTIF and AVERAGE, to automate the validity calculation. The findings indicate that while the overall S-CVI/Average (0.875) exceeds the threshold of 0.8, individual I-CVI values revealed areas for potential refinement, highlighting the importance of both item-level and scale-level analysis. This tutorial provides a practical guide for researchers to systematically validate their instruments, ensuring rigor and reliability in questionnaire development.

Date: 2025
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