The Role of Industrial Waste in Green and Sustainable Technology: A Review

Harlinda binti Hamid, Noormazlinah binti Ahmad and Siti Hajar Noor binti Shaarani
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Harlinda binti Hamid: Ms, First Author, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Malaysia
Noormazlinah binti Ahmad: Dr, Second Author, Centre for Sustainability of Mineral and Resource Recovery Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
Siti Hajar Noor binti Shaarani: Dr, Third Author, Bioaromatic Research Centre, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2025, vol. 9, issue 3, 4997-5012

Abstract: The increasing generation of industrial waste poses significant environmental and resource management challenges, necessitating innovative approaches for sustainable utilization. This review explores the role of industrial waste in advancing green technologies, focusing on recycling, energy recovery, and the development of eco-friendly materials. With rapid industrialization and urban expansion, traditional waste disposal methods such as landfilling and incineration have become unsustainable, prompting the need for circular economy strategies that emphasize waste valorization. By synthesizing recent research and case studies, this study examines how industrial by-products can be repurposed into reusable materials, transformed into renewable energy through processes like pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion, and integrated into sustainable product development, including biodegradable polymers and biofertilizers. Employing a multidisciplinary approach, the review analyzes current technological advancements, environmental benefits, and economic feasibility through literature synthesis, case study evaluations, and comparative assessments. The significance of this study lies in its contribution to sustainable waste management by highlighting the potential of industrial waste as a valuable resource, reducing environmental impact, conserving natural resources, and fostering sustainability within industrial sectors. Future research and technological advancements in automated vermicomposting systems, optimal worm species selection, and microbial inoculants could further enhance process efficiency and expand its large-scale adoption. The findings provide insights for policymakers, researchers, and industries seeking to implement circular economy practices, ultimately supporting global efforts toward green and sustainable development.

Date: 2025
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